托福聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)難句分析(十三)

 同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)托福聽(tīng)力的過(guò)程中，最頭疼的就是句子的理解，尤其是長(zhǎng)難句。但是相對(duì)于閱讀文本來(lái)說(shuō)，聽(tīng)力的問(wèn)題其實(shí)是比較簡(jiǎn)答的，我們?cè)诶斫饩渥拥臅r(shí)候基本只要考劃分句子的主干成分，配合一些短語(yǔ)搭配就可以了，但是關(guān)鍵是要求我們的反應(yīng)速度要非常的快，我們現(xiàn)在就具體以TPO中的句子為例，來(lái)分析一下長(zhǎng)難句。(TPO2-L3)

What Aristotle’s ethical theory is all about is this: he’s trying to show you how to be happy—what true happiness is.

亞里士多德的倫理學(xué)主要講的是，什么是幸福，他在告訴你如何變的幸福快樂(lè)。

Let me introduce a couple of technical terms: extrinsic value and intrinsic value. To understand Aristotle’s interest in happiness, you need to understand this distinction.

我先引入兩個(gè)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)：外在價(jià)值和內(nèi)在價(jià)值。想要了解亞里士多德為什么對(duì)幸福感興趣，你得先會(huì)區(qū)分這兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

Some things we aim for and value, not for themselves but for what they bring about in addition to themselves.

我們追尋和看重的事物，不該是事物本身，而是由他帶來(lái)的附加價(jià)值。

If I value something as a means to something else, then it has what we will call “extrinsic value.” Other things we desire and hold to be valuable for themselves alone.

如果我將一個(gè)事物看成是另一個(gè)事物的途徑，那么這個(gè)事物擁有我們所說(shuō)的外在價(jià)值。而其他事物，我們渴望得到或擁有就其本身而言有價(jià)值。

If we value something not as a means to something else, but for its own sake, let us say that it has “intrinsic value.”

如果我們不將一個(gè)事物看成是獲得另外一個(gè)事物的途徑，而只是為了得到該事物本身，我們可以說(shuō)他擁有內(nèi)在價(jià)值。

Exercise. There may be some people who value exercise for itself, but I don’t. I value exercise because if I exercise, I tend to stay healthier than I would if I didn’t.

拿鍛煉來(lái)說(shuō)，或許有一些人看重的是鍛煉本身，到那時(shí)我不是這么想的。我之所以看重鍛煉是因?yàn)槿绻�我鍛煉，我�?huì)比不鍛煉更加健康。

So I desire to engage in exercise and I value exercise extrinsically . . . not for its own sake, but as a means to something beyond it. It brings me good health.

顯然我并不是為了鍛煉而鍛煉，而是將它看成是我達(dá)成其背后價(jià)值的一種途徑。他能使我健康。

So to some degree I value health both for itself and as a means to something else: productivity. It’s got extrinsic and intrinsic value for me.

所以在一定程度上，我看重健康的本身的同事也將其看成是獲得其他東西的途徑：生產(chǎn)率。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)健康基友外在價(jià)值又有內(nèi)在價(jià)值。

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