托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 2

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對(duì)于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來說，TPO往往就是一個(gè)首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 2。

托福TPO43閱讀Passage 2 真題解析 【在線咨詢】

El Nirio

1. The word "approaches" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A nears
B crosses
C travels along
D leaves
答案： A

解析：approach接近，靠近，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A，靠近。

2. According to paragraph 1, what happens when the Humboldt Current interacts with westward flowing trade winds? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A Anchovies from southern waters are carried northward.
B Cold water from lower depths is brought closer to the surface.
C The Humboldt Current stops flowing toward the equator.
D The Humboldt Current begins to flow closer to the coasts of Ecuador and Peru.
答案： B

解析：定位句When the current approaches the equator, the westward-flowing trade winds cause nutrient-rich cold water along the coast to rise from deeper depths to more shallow ones. 當(dāng)氣流接近赤道,向西吹動(dòng)的信風(fēng)導(dǎo)致富含營養(yǎng)的冷水沿著海岸上升，從更深的深度變?yōu)闇\的。因此正確答案為B。

3.Which of the following questions about the El Nino phenomenon is NOT answered in paragraph 2 ? 【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A Why is the El Niflo phenomenon called El Nirto?
B How do fishers spend their time during the El Nifio season?
C How do coastal fish obtain enough nutrients during the El Nifio season?
D Is the temperature of coastal waters different during the El Niflo season than it is the rest of the year?
答案： C

解析：A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句，B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第四句，D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第一句，因此正確答案為C。

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4. The word "exceptionally"，in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A obviously
B unusually
C relatively
D occasionally
答案： B

解析：exceptionally異常地;特殊地;例外地，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，不尋常地。

5. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about El Ninos, as that term is now used? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A El Nifios can originate in areas other than the Pacific Ocean.
B El Nifios can arise when warm currents last for two months or less.
C El Nifios affect water temperatures long distances from the South American coast.
D Multiple El Niflos can arise within a single calendar year.
答案： A

解析：B選項(xiàng)的can arise錯(cuò)誤， C的from the South American coast 錯(cuò)誤，D的can arise within a single calendar year錯(cuò)誤。因此正確答案為A。

6. The phrase "is usually accompanied by” in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A usually develops before
B usually occurs together with
C is usually indicated by
D is usually caused by
答案： B

解析：is usually accompanied by是通常伴隨著…，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B通常與…發(fā)生在一起。

7. The word "jointly" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A together
B therefore
C rightfully
D simply
答案： A

解析：jointly共同地;連帶地，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A，一起，同時(shí)。

8. According to paragraph 4, what did Sir Gilbert Walker discover? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A There is a close link between El Nifio and the Southern Oscillation.
B Surface pressure readings all across the Pacific first rise and then fall before an El Nifio occurs.
C Surface pressure on one side of the Pacific tends to fall when pressure rises on the opposite side.
D The formation of an El Nirto depends on conditions all across the Pacific, not just in the waters off of South America.
答案： C

解析：定位句Over 60 years ago, Sir Gilbert Walker, a British scientist, discovered a connection between surface pressure readings at weather stations on the eastern and western sides of the Pacific. 在60年前, 英國科學(xué)家吉爾伯特沃克爵士,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)在東部氣象站和西部的太平洋表面壓力讀數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。下文提到他將此關(guān)系成為Southern Oscillation，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C。

9. According to paragraph 5, what is the end result of the east-to-west pressure gradient in the eastern Pacific during a typical year? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A The formation of a thick, warm layer of water in the western Pacific
B The reversal of the pressure gradient to west-to-east by the end of the year
C A change in the direction of the Southern Oscillation
D The eastward flow of warm water from the western Pacific
答案： A

解析：定位句The western Pacific develops a thick, warm layer of water while the eastern Pacific has the cold Humboldt Current enhanced by upwelling. 西太平洋形成了厚且溫暖的水層，而東太平洋的上升流使洪堡寒流增強(qiáng)。因此正確答案為A。

10. According to paragraph 5, all of the following changes occur in the Pacific before an El Nifio begins EXCEPT: 【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A Pressure increases in the western Pacific and decreases in the eastern Pacific.
B The trade winds decrease in intensity or reverse in the direction.
C Surface temperatures increase in the central and eastern Pacific.
D Ocean currents speed up as they move eastward.
答案： D

解析：A對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的…with pressure increasing in the western. Pacific and decreasing in the eastern Pacific. B對(duì)應(yīng)…in some cases, to reverse. C對(duì)應(yīng)最后一句的increasing sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific。因此正確答案為D。

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11. What can be inferred about El Ninos from the historical evidence mentioned in paragraph 6 ? 【推斷題】
A They have often brought damaging weather to parts of the United States.
B They have been occurring since at least the fifteenth century.
C They occurred less frequently in the sixteenth century than in the fifteenth.
D They have had stronger weather effects on the United States in recent decades than on other locations.
答案： B

解析：定位至第六段第一句此處無關(guān)鍵信息，因此用排除法，A選項(xiàng)的often brought damaging weather … of the United States無法推出，C的less frequently …than in the fifteenth無法推出，D的stronger weather effects…than on other locations無法推出。B選項(xiàng)的at least the fifteenth century對(duì)應(yīng)原文的dating back to the fifteenth century，因此正確答案為B。

12. Why does the author include the information that in 1997-1998 "Snowstorms in the northeast portion of the United States were more frequent and intense than in most years"?【修辭目的題】
A To provide evidence supporting the claim that El Nifios are getting stronger
B To explain why the southern United States experienced copious and damaging rainfall in 1997-1998
C To show that traditional methods are not adequate for documenting the effects of El Niftos
D To identify a consequence of the fact that El Niflos are now occurring a little over once every two years
答案： A

解析：定位句The 1997-1998 El Nifio brought copious and damaging rainfall to the southern United States, from California to Florida. 1997 - 1998年的厄爾尼諾給美國南部帶來了大量且破壞性的降雨，從加利福尼亞到佛羅里達(dá)。B的原因并沒有進(jìn)行解釋，錯(cuò)誤;C的not adequate for documenting 未提及，D的 identify a consequence未提及。因此正確答案為A。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
There is clear support for this view in the available documents.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案： B

解析：句中的support和available documents在原文中B處出現(xiàn)，對(duì)應(yīng)Records，A處It為指代前文內(nèi)容，不得斷開，D處Even more與前文C處聯(lián)系緊密，因此正確答案為B。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
As it is currently used, the term El Nirio refers to a strong and lengthy disruption to the normal pattern of ocean currents, water temperatures, and winds in the Pacific.
Answer Choices
An El Nino typically begins when the Humboldt Current causes upwelling as it travels toward the equator along the coast of Peru and Ecuador.
El Nirlos are preceded by the reversal of the usual east-to- west pressure gradient in the Pacific, the weakening or reversal of the trade winds, and the movement of warm water eastward.
Comparisons of historical records with recent past events show that El Ninos are becoming more frequent and stronger.
In an El Nino, warm surface currents replace the Humboldt Current for many months, raising ocean temperatures far from the coast.
Scientists discovered the Southern Oscillation by taking surface-pressure readings at weather stations on both sides of the Pacific.
In recent decades, El Nifios have begun to occur north of the equator and thereby affect weather conditions in the United States.
答案： ACE

解析：A對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段主要內(nèi)容概括，C對(duì)應(yīng)第六段的事例及總結(jié)，E對(duì)應(yīng)第四段的事例內(nèi)容。

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