托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 3

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫(xiě)字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過(guò)往真題，而TPO題庫(kù)也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過(guò)程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對(duì)于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，TPO往往就是一個(gè)首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)��?lái)托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 3。

托福TPO43閱讀Passage 3 真題解析 【在線咨詢(xún)】

The Origin of Petroleum

1.According to paragraph 1, petroleum is formed in which of the following ways? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A Bacteria and tiny plants undergo a change while they are buried in clay.
B Carbon and hydrogen combine to form shale.
C Ocean rocks are converted into organic compounds.
D Oil and gas rise to the surface of sediment and are trapped in rocks.
答案： A

解析：定位句In the ocean, microscopic phytoplankton (tiny floating plants) and bacteria (simple, single-celled organisms) are the principal sources of organic matter that is trapped and buried in sediment. 在海洋中，捕獲和掩埋在沉淀物中的微型浮游植物(微型浮游植物)和細(xì)菌(簡(jiǎn)單的單細(xì)胞生物)是有機(jī)物的主要來(lái)源。因此正確答案為A。

2.The word "trapped" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A hidden
B destroyed
C caught
D found
答案： C

解析：trap誘捕;使…受限制，使…陷入困境，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C，捕捉。

3. All of the following are cited in paragraph 2 as evidence that petroleum is a product of the decomposition of organic matter EXCEPT【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A the amount of organic matter found in layers of mud below the seafloor
B the chemical changes that occur in oil and natural gas after they have formed
C the optical properties of oil
D the fact that oil contains nitrogen and other compounds believed to be of organic origin
答案： A

解析：B選項(xiàng)的after they have formed對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句;C的optical properties of oil對(duì)應(yīng)oil possesses optical properties;D的oil contains nitrogen and other compounds對(duì)應(yīng)contains nitrogen and certain compounds。A的amount不是證據(jù)，因此正確答案為A。

4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of the change of solid organic material into oil and gas? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A It is more likely to occur along the base of continental slopes than on the continental shelves.
B It only takes place in areas where the seafloor contains at least 8 percent organic matter.
C It is a process that can be reversed through chemical changes that occur after the oil and gas have formed.
D It involves a complicated series of chemical reactions.
答案： D

解析：定位句A complex sequence of chemical reactions is involved in converting the original solid organic matter to oil and gas, and additional chemical changes may occur in the oil and gas even after they have formed.原始的固體有機(jī)物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為石油和天然氣，有一系列復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)參與其中, 即使石油和天然氣已經(jīng)形成，其他化學(xué)變化也可能會(huì)發(fā)生。complex sequence 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D的complicated series，因此正確答案為D。

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5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡(jiǎn)化題】
A When oil and gas are squeezed out of the rock in which they originated, it is probably because the layer of rock above them is much more permeable than shale.
B Sandstones, which are made of quartz grains, and limestones, which are made of carbonate minerals, can hold much more oil and gas than any shale can.
C When they are squeezed from the shale in which they were formed, oil and gas move easily into the much more permeable layers of sandstone or limestone above.
D Oil and gas are squeezed out of sandstones, consisting of quartz grains, and migrate readily into limestones, which consist of carbonate minerals and are much more permeable.
答案： C

解析：When引導(dǎo)從句，原句核心為：當(dāng)它們被擠壓時(shí)，油和氣體能更輕易的移動(dòng)至更易滲透的砂巖或石灰?guī)r中去，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C。A缺少migrate readily此信息;B 的Sandstones主語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤，不是原句核心;D的much more permeable變?yōu)榇我�成分。因此正確答案為C。

6. Why does the author include the information that "The force of molecular attraction between oil and quartz or carbonate minerals is weaker than that between water and quartz or carbonate minerals."? 【修辭目的題】
A To help explain why petroleum behaves differently from water in bodies of sandstone and limestone
B To illustrate why petroleum migrates more rapidly through sandstone than it does through limestone
C To help explain how water and petroleum can mix in certain aquifers
D To account for the different molecular structures of oil and water
答案： A

解析：定位句The force of molecular attraction between oil and quartz or carbonate minerals is weaker than that between water and quartz or carbonate minerals. 分子之間的吸引力在石油和石英、碳酸鹽礦物之間是弱于水和石英、碳酸鹽礦物的。B選項(xiàng)的more rapidly …than未提及;C的how…can mix未提及;D的account for…molecular structures未提及。因此正確答案為A。

7. The word "encounters" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A meets
B forms
C escapes
D avoids
答案： A

解析：encounter遭遇;邂逅，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A，遇到。

8. The word "suitable" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A noticeable
B permanent
C protected
D appropriate
答案： D

解析：suitable合適的;適當(dāng)?shù)?相配的，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D，合適的。

9. According to paragraph 4, what happens to most of the petroleum that forms in sediments? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A It remains in underground pools.
B It is buried under organic matter.
C It rises to the surface of the ocean.
D It combines with the minerals found in groundwater.
答案： C

解析：定位句Most of the petroleum that forms in sediments does not find a suitable trap and eventually makes its way, along with groundwater, to the surface of the sea. 大多數(shù)在沉積物中形成的石油找不到合適的存儲(chǔ)地,最終它們自己找方式,隨著地下水流到了海洋的表面。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C 的rises to the surface of the ocean。因此正確答案為C。

10. Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about future petroleum discoveries? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A Less petroleum will be found than in the past because the ratio of petroleum pools to volume of sediment will decrease.
B Most of the petroleum will come from rocks that are less than 65 million years old.
C Petroleum that has leaked away from older rocks will be the source of most new discoveries.
D More petroleum will become available because the amount of trapped organic matter will increase.
答案： C

解析：A選項(xiàng)的Less petroleum… than in the past，sediment will decrease是未提及內(nèi)容;B選項(xiàng)的less than 65 million years old錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng)的organic matter will increase未提及。C的對(duì)應(yīng)了原文的young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away，即更老的巖石中可能有新發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此正確答案為C。

11. The phrase "is an extremely controversial question" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A is a question of great importance
B is a question causing strong disagreement
C is a question that has existed for a long time
D is a question composed of many related parts
答案： B

解析：is an extremely controversial question是一個(gè)非常有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，是一個(gè)造成強(qiáng)烈的分歧的問(wèn)題。

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12. According to paragraph 5, eastern Texas is an example of a geologic region where 【事實(shí)信息題】
A oil is located but has not yet been pumped out
B experts accurately predicted the rock types and structures found there
C the volume of oil can only be guessed at
D intensive oil exploration has occurred over a long time
答案： B

解析：定位句…experts make estimates of probable volumes in other regions where rock types and structures are similar to those in eastern Texas. 專(zhuān)家做出的估計(jì)可能在其他地區(qū)會(huì)有大量產(chǎn)出，在那些巖石類(lèi)型和結(jié)構(gòu)與那些在德克薩斯州東部類(lèi)似的地區(qū)。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B的accurately predicted the rock types and structures，因此正確答案為B。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
Because such muds are a major source of petroleum, scientists believe that petroleum originated as living organisms.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案： B

解析：Because因果關(guān)系， living organisms對(duì)應(yīng)原文的organic matter，且B處提出Two additional kinds of evidence support the hypothesis對(duì)應(yīng)句子的 scientists believe…，科學(xué)家先提出看法再用證據(jù)支持這種假設(shè)，因此B為正確答案。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
Petroleum, which includes both oil and natural gas, can be a gaseous, liquid, or semisolid substance.
Answer Choices
Petroleum comes from organic matter that has undergone a complex series of chemical changes under the seafloor.
Although most of the petroleum formed leaks away into the ocean, some migrates from shale to sandstone or limestone, and is caught in pools.
Porous rocks made of quartz or carbonate minerals are particularly likely to house oil pools because of their strong molecular attraction with oil.
Petroleum forms best when organic matter is evenly distributed over a large area and does not exceed 8 percent of the material in the clay.
More than 60 percent of the petroleum discovered so far has been found in rocks that are less than two-and-a-half million years old.
It is difficult to estimate the total amount of petroleum in the world, but experts believe that 1,500-3,000 billion barrels will eventually be discovered.
答案： ABF

解析：A是原文第一二段的總結(jié)，B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)第四段的第一二句，F(xiàn)對(duì)應(yīng)第五段的最后一句。

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