托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過(guò)往真題，而TPO題庫(kù)也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過(guò)程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對(duì)于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，TPO往往就是一個(gè)首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)��?lái)托福TPO43閱讀真題解析：Passage 1。

托福TPO43閱讀Passage 1 真題解析 【在線咨詢】

The Empire of Alexander the Great

1. According to paragraph 1, Alexander the Great did which of the following? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A Regulated the movement and resettlement in southwest Asia of thousands of Greek people
B Opened up opportunities in new markets for traders and artisans
C Created new restrictions on trade
D Encouraged Greek citizens to choose military careers over careers in trade
答案： B

解析：定位句In the next generation thousands of Greek traders and artisans would enter this wider world to seek their fortunes. 在未來(lái)，成千上萬(wàn)的希臘商人和工匠會(huì)進(jìn)入更廣闊的世界尋求他們的機(jī)遇。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，為商人和工匠創(chuàng)造了新市場(chǎng)中的機(jī)會(huì)。

2. The word "diffusion" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A adoption
B spread
C teaching
D learning
答案： B

解析： diffusion擴(kuò)散，傳播，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B，傳播。

3. In paragraph 2,the author mentions the libraries at Antioch and Alexandria in order to【修辭目的題】
A provide evidence that the library was a cultural institution in the East before it spread to the West
B explain why it was important for Greek to become the great international language
C identify two of the sources of Greek cultural influence within Alexander’s empire
D support the claim that the Greeks transformed Middle Eastern garrisons and military posts into cultural centers
答案： C

解析：定位句為第二段最后一句，提到Antioch的是最有名的圖書(shū)館，Alexandria是之后幾千年中世界上最好的圖書(shū)館，體現(xiàn)這是一種文化的傳播。A的before it spread to the West未提及，B的 why it was important 未提及，D transformed …into cultural centers未提及。因此正確答案為C。

4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡(jiǎn)化題】
A Assemblies were held in the agora to discuss some issues of the day, but more fundamental questions were decided by key individuals.
B In a culture where philosophical discussions were frequent, some individuals questioned the value of a life focused on the marketplace.
C Life centered around the agora, an open marketplace and site for public debate, where individuals could participate in decision making.
D The focus of individuals was on fundamental topics such as the purpose of government and the connection between law and freedom.
答案： C

解析：原句核心：生活圍繞著集市，在這里人們可以討論政府的目的或法律與自由的關(guān)系，且可以自己做決定。與C選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)序一致，含義匹配, 因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

》》在線咨詢更多托福TPO43閱讀真題解析，免費(fèi)咨詢電話400-618-0272

5. According to paragraph 3，Plato believed that the ideal city-state should be【事實(shí)信息題】
A governed by a ruling body of about 5,000 city leaders with a total population of no more than 100,000
B led by the most qualified individual
C governed by the group of citizens with the most knowledge about the issues of the day
D small enough so that everyone would know each other
答案： D

解析：定位句The philosopher Plato (428-348 B.C.) felt that the ideal city-state should have about 5,000 citizens, because to the Greeks it was important that everyone in the community should know each other. 哲學(xué)家柏拉圖(公元前428 - 348)認(rèn)為理想的城邦應(yīng)該大約有5000個(gè)公民，因?yàn)閷?duì)希臘人來(lái)說(shuō)在社區(qū)的每個(gè)人對(duì)彼此相互了解是非常重要的。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D的足夠小以至于大家都互相認(rèn)識(shí)。

6. Why does the author mention "The philosopher Aristotle"?【修辭目的題】
A To provide additional evidence that the ancient Greeks believed that political units must be small
B To demonstrate the accuracy of philosophers’ predictions about the end of the classical Greek city-state
C To show how changes in the city-state system from the fifth to the third century B C. were reflected in the ideas of its philosophers
D To support the claim that small city-states were ideally suited to produce philosophical inquiry
答案： A

解析：定位句The philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), who lived at a time when the city-state system was declining, believed that a political entity of 100,000 simply would not be able to govern itself. 哲學(xué)家亞里士多德(公元前384 - 322),生活在這個(gè)城邦制度削弱的時(shí)期,他認(rèn)為擁有十萬(wàn)公民的一個(gè)政治實(shí)體將無(wú)法自我監(jiān)督。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A的提供額外的證據(jù)表明,古希臘人認(rèn)為政治單位必須很小。

7. The word "declining" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A at its best
B rapidly expanding
C first being formed
D weakening
答案： D

解析：declining下滑;衰退;傾斜，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D，削弱。

8. According to paragraph 4, Alexander's empire was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT 【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A decreased need for military control
B growing professionalism
C growth of cities
D specialization in trades
答案： A

解析：選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的One now had to specialize, and with specialization came professionalism. 現(xiàn)在人們不得不專攻事物，從而變得職業(yè)化。選項(xiàng)C和D對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的But with the development of trade and commerce in Alexander’s empire came the growth of cities; it was no longer possible to be a jack-of-all-trades. 但是隨著貿(mào)易和商業(yè)的發(fā)展，在亞歷山大帝國(guó)也在發(fā)展,人們?cè)僖膊豢赡苁侨f(wàn)事通。即在帝國(guó)發(fā)展的情況下人們要專攻貿(mào)易變得更為職業(yè)化，選項(xiàng)A的減少軍事控制未被提及，因此正確答案為A。

9. The word ”peak” in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A end
B command
C high point
D beginning
答案： C

解析：peak 山峰;最高點(diǎn);頂點(diǎn)，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C，最高點(diǎn)。

10. According to paragraph 5, religion in the Greek city-state involved 【事實(shí)信息題】
A a set of rules governing behavior
B a detailed conception of life after death
C rituals related to significant life events
D worship of gods who were not like humans
答案： C

解析：定位句At the peak of the Greek city-state, religion played an important part. 在希臘城邦的鼎盛時(shí)期,宗教發(fā)揮了重要作用。A選項(xiàng)的governing behavior與原文rather than to any code of behavior相反，排除; B選項(xiàng)的 life after death與原文Nor was there much of a theory of afterlife相反，排除; D選項(xiàng)的not like humans與原文very much as being like human beings相反，排除。因此正確答案為C。

11. According to paragraph 6，what was the basis for the accusation against Socrates? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A He encouraged people to be guided by their own consciences instead of by the state.
B He stated that people had a duty to fight against the corruption of their leaders.
C He reasoned that the needs of the youth were more important than the needs of the state.
D He argued that people’s behavior should be guided by the religious systems of the Middle East.
答案： A

解析：定位句The Athenian philosopher Socrates (470-399 B.C.) was the first person in Greece to propose a morality based on individual conscience rather than the demands of the state…雅典的哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底(公元前470 - 399年)是希臘人中第一個(gè)提出道德應(yīng)基于個(gè)人良心而并非基于國(guó)家的要求…對(duì)應(yīng)A的guided by their own consciences instead of by the state。

》》在線咨詢更多托福TPO43閱讀真題解析，免費(fèi)咨詢電話400-618-0272

12.The word "propose" in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A suggest
B deny
C consider
D question
答案： A

解析：propose建議;打算，計(jì)劃，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A，建議。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
Likewise, the collective decision-making process of the open marketplace was no longer practical.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案： C

解析：句首引導(dǎo)詞Likewise體現(xiàn)上文已經(jīng)提到一種類似情況，且名詞open marketplace在B處出現(xiàn)，對(duì)應(yīng)development of trade and commerce;A處有指代前文信息，不得斷開(kāi)，B處句首But對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，不得斷開(kāi)。因此正確答案為C。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
Alexander the Great’s creation of a vast empire had important consequences for Greece and the conquered areas of southwest Asia.
Answer choices
Scholars from Antioch, Alexandria, and other Middle Eastern cultural centers came to Greece to study the Greek language and culture.
Increasing urbanization and the elimination of trade barriers meant the end of the Greek city-state and the creation of a much larger political and economic body.
The professionalism and specialization so prized by the ancient Greeks were replaced by a more generalized philosophy of education in the empire.
The expansion of Alexander’s empire led to the diffusion of Greek language, literature, and thought throughout the Middle East.
The empire saw the birth of a new culture, merging Greek philosophical ideas with the religious spirit of Asia.
Religion played an important part in the expansion of the empire, as Alexander introduced Zeus and the other Greek gods to Asia.
答案： BDE

解析：B選項(xiàng)的elimination of trade barriers對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段的barriers to trade and the movement of peoples were removed;D選項(xiàng)的diffusion of Greek language, literature對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二段的第三句出現(xiàn);E選項(xiàng)的merging Greek philosophical ideas with the religious spirit of Asia對(duì)應(yīng)原文第六段的最后一句，religious instinct of Asia with the philosophic spirit of Greece spread across the world。因此正確答案為BDE.

》》更多托福TPO閱讀真題解析，可撥打免費(fèi)電話咨詢400-618-0272

您還可能關(guān)注：

 相關(guān)閱讀：

 如有更多問(wèn)題歡迎致電新通教育：400-618-0272，登錄