托福TPO46閱讀真題解析：Passage 2

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO46閱讀真題解析：Passage 2。

托福TPO46閱讀Passage 2真題解析 【在線咨詢】

The Origins of Writing

1. The word “key” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A frequent
B essential
C original
D familiar
答案：B

解析：key的含義是“關(guān)鍵的“。B選項的essential意為“必要的、基本的”，與語境吻合，為正確答案。
frequent 頻繁的，時常發(fā)生的。 original 原始的。 familiar熟悉的。

2. The word “virtue” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A price
B design
C desirable quality
D physical characteristic
答案：C

解析：virtue意為：“優(yōu)點”。C選項的desirable quality意為“令人滿意的品質(zhì)”。與virtue在文中的意思吻合，為正確選項。
price價格。design設(shè)計。 physical characteristic 物理特征。

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡化題】
A In part because of its low cost and ease of use, clay became the preferred writing material throughout Mesopotamia and well beyond it
B Clay was cheap throughout Mesopotamia, so clay tablets from Mesopotamia became the preferred writing material as far as the Mediterranean.
C For a while, the clay tablet was the preferred writing material in Crete and Greece.
D Moreover, because clay was used as the writing material of choice in Mesopotamia, Syria, Asia Minor, Persia, and the Mediterranean, it was cheap and popular.
答案：A

解析：原句的核心：Clay is cheap and forming it into tablets is easy. Clay tablet became the preferred writing material. A選項的邏輯關(guān)系詞為because，句子的兩個核心low cost and ease of use和became the preferred writing與原句的句子核心吻合，故A選項正確。

4. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about clay as a writing material? 【推斷題】
A It had to be baked before it could be written on
B Its good points outweighed its bad points.
C Its durability was its most important feature for its users.
D It was not available in Egypt.
答案：B

解析：文中提到clay的缺點是：clumsy and bulky, 但是it has a virtue dear to archaeologists: It is durable…. Became the preferred writing material not only throughout Mesopotamia but far outside it as well. 后面講到的都是clay的優(yōu)點。所以完全可以得出B選項的結(jié)論。

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5. In paragraph 2, why does the author discuss the Egyptian use of papyrus as a writing material? 【修辭目的題】
A To describe the superiofity of papyrus over leattier and wood as a writing material
B To explain why writing in Egypt did not develop as quickly as it did Mesopotamia
C To explain why archaeologists' knowledge of the early history of writing relies mainly on Sumerian cuneiform
D To explain why the Sumerians preferred clay tablets for writing over papyrus
答案：C

解析：作者先描述了in ancient times, Egyptians用papyrus reeds制造paper, 之后，clay tablet成為standard material. 最后又成為preferred material. 綜合第二段的描述可知，C為正確選項。

6. According to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of cuneiform writing EXCEPT: 【否定事實信息題】
A It was composed of very simple shapes
B It was perfected by the ancient Sumerians.
C It influenced the choice of material on which it was written.
D It was understood by very few Sumerians.
答案：C

解析：A選項對應(yīng)原文This script consists of simple shapes. B選項對應(yīng)原文The Sumerians perfected a style of writing. D選項對應(yīng)原文literacy was largely limited to a small professional class, the scribes. C 選項原文沒有提及，錯誤。

7. According to paragraph 4, how did the Akkadians use the Sumerian language? 【事實信息題】
A They used Sumerian for speaking but used their own national language for writing.
B They used the complex cuneiform signs developed by the Babylonians and Assyrians rather than the Sumerian signs.
C They developed their own cuneiform shapes on clay tablets to replace those used by the Sumerians.
D They assigned new sound and word values to the signs of Sumerian cuneiform.
答案：D

解析：D選項對應(yīng)原文The Akkadians…Sumerian and gave them sound and word values that fit their own language. 故D為正確選項。

8. Paragraph 4 answers all the following questions about Sumerian writing in the period after the Sumerians were conquered EXCEPT: 【否定事實信息題】
A Did Sumerian literature continue to be read?
B Did Sumerian continue to be spoken?
C Did scribes compose new texts in Sumerian?
D Did Sumerian have the same fate as Latin had after the fall of Rome?
答案：C

解析： A選項對應(yīng)原文的The literature of the Sumerians was treasured throughout the Near East. B選項對應(yīng)原文的and long after Sumerian ceased to be spoken. D選項對應(yīng)原文的the Babylonians and Assyrians… the way Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome. C選項沒有提及。

9. The word "document" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A include
B influence
C organize
D record
答案：D

解析：document在原文語境中意為“記錄” 。D選項的record意為“記錄”，與原文語境吻合，故D選項為正確答案。
include 包含，包括。influence影響。 organize組織。

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10. According to paragraph 5, writing was first used for 【事實信息題】
A simple bookkeeping
B descriptions of daily events
C counting the contents of clay tablets
D government reports
答案：A

解析：根據(jù)原文Writing, it would appear, started as a primitive form of bookkeeping. 可知，A為正確選項。

11. The phrase “Now and then” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A always
B occasionally
C sooner or later
D first and last
答案：B

解析：”Now and then “的語境含義為“時不時地”。B選項的occasionally意為“偶爾，間或”。與原文已經(jīng)吻合，故為正確答案。

12. According to paragraph 6, large batches of clay writing tablets were stored because the tablets 【事實信息題】
A were being produced quickly and in large quantities
B did not serve any practical purpose for most Mesopotamians
C contained information that needed to be available for future reference
D could not be used again once they had been written on
答案：C

解析：根據(jù)原文These records of factual matters were kept in storage to be available for reference. 故C選項正確。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
However, the Sumerian language did not entirely disappear.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage
答案：B

解析：插入的句子中however說明其后面的句子內(nèi)容與上文需要構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。not entirely disappear說明上文提到了Sumerian language 部分消失或者后文提到了Sumerian language沒有disappear的事實。插入口B后面的句子說明了Sumerian literature仍然被treasure，也就是Sumerian language沒有disappear，故應(yīng)插入B處。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
The earliest examples of writing have been found in Mesopotamia and date to shortly before 3000 B.C.E.
Answer Choices
Writing was invented in the same areas in which civilization began by the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and the Mediterranean.
The development of cuneiform is known because it was written on a long-lasting material and because it was long and widely used throughout the ancient Near East.
Cuneiform tablets generally dealt with business and factual matters, but other topics, including literature, were also recorded and valued.
Writing was developed first by the Sumerians using wedge shaped marks (cuneiform) on clay tablets and then by the Egyptians using papyrus paper.
Scribes using cuneiform in Assyria, Babylon, Syria and Asia Minor had to learn all the languages that used the cuneiform script.
Batches of clay tablets, sometimes with as many as a thousand tablets each, are often found by archaeologists.
答案：ABC

解析：綜合文章第1段和第2段可知A選項正確。
B選項的long-lasting material對應(yīng)原文的durable, throughout the ancient Near East對應(yīng)原文的In the Near East they remained in use for more than two and a half millennia. 故B選項正確。
C選項對應(yīng)原文第5段的Its use soon widened to document the multitudinous things and acts that are involved in daily life, from simple inventories of …故C選項正確。
D選項的順序顛倒了，錯誤。
E選項的learn all the languages的說法無中生有，錯誤。
F選項是文章的細節(jié)，故不選。

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