托福TPO46閱讀真題解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過(guò)往真題，而TPO題庫(kù)也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過(guò)程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對(duì)于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，TPO往往就是一個(gè)首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)��?lái)托福TPO46閱讀真題解析：Passage 1。

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The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe

1. According to paragraph 1, one effect of the increased use of cash was that 【事實(shí)信息題】
A an individual merchant no longer performed all aspects of trading operations
B a company's home office declined in importance
C merchants no longer had to transport their goods to distant places
D the volume of trade declined in areas lacking silver mines
答案：A

解析：根據(jù)原文Business procedures changed radically. The individual…evolved into an operation involving three separate types of merchants…可知，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2. The word “radically”， in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A fundamentally
B quickly
C unexpectedly
D gradually
答案：A

解析：radically在語(yǔ)境中的含義為“根本上，徹底地”。A選項(xiàng)的fundamentally意為”根本地”，故A選項(xiàng)正確。
quickly 迅速地。 unexpectedly 意外地。 gradually 逐步地。

3. The word oversaw" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A understood
B included
C delivered
D supervised
答案：D

解析：oversee在語(yǔ)境中的含義是“監(jiān)督，審查。”D選項(xiàng)的supervise的含義為“監(jiān)督，管理”。故D選項(xiàng)正確。
understood 理解。 included包括。delivered 遞送。

4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was NOT an effect of the change in business procedures? 【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A An increase in credit sales
B The use of courier services between cities
C The adoption of simpler accounting procedures
D The improvement of roads
答案：C

解析：A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文The growth of mutual trust among merchants facilitated the growth of sales on credit… B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文Regular courtier service among commercial cities began. D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文Tolls on roads became high enough to finance. C選項(xiàng)的表述與原文Commercial accounting became more complex的說(shuō)法不符，錯(cuò)誤。

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5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡(jiǎn)化題】
A Credit sales and bills of exchange were devices that merchants developed in order to increase their mutual trust.
B Merchants developed ways to finance their sales without having to rely on slow and dangerous shipments of coins.
C Greater trust among merchants led to an increase in credit sales and to the use of bills of exchange that made the shipping of coins unnecessary.
D Merchants began to trust one another when it became too slow and dangerous for a single merchant to ship coins.
答案：C

解析：原句的核心內(nèi)容為：Mutual trust facilitated the growth of sales on credit and led to new development such as the bill of exchange. C選項(xiàng)的核心與原句的核心吻合，故為正確答案。

6. According to paragraph 3, Hanseatic merchants benefited by all of the following EXCEPT 【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A the use of trading centers in distant cities
B a new system of recording commercial transactions
C the opening of overland trade routes across northern Europe
D access to markets in about 200 cities
答案：C

解析：A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文Hanseatic merchants established foreign trading centers. B 選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文 Hanseatic merchants had developed an important business technique, the business register. D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文 ..to include about 200 cities from Holland to Poland. C 選項(xiàng)原文沒(méi)有提到，錯(cuò)誤。

7. The word "decisive" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A probable
B determining
C helpful
D limiting
答案：B

解析：desicive的語(yǔ)境含義為“決定性的”。B選項(xiàng)的determining意為”決定性的“，與語(yǔ)境意思吻合，故為正確選項(xiàng)。
probable可能的。helpful有幫助的。 limiting 限制性的。

8. Why does the author provide the information in paragraph 4 that the commercial classes never exceeded 10 percent of the population? 【修辭目的題】
A To argue that the wealth created by the commercial revolution benefited only a small number of people
B To challenge the view that the commercial classes made up a majority of the population of Europe
C To suggest a reason that the commercial revolution ended around A. D. 1300
D To emphasize the point that the commercial revolution was brought about by a small part of the population
答案：D

解析：根據(jù)原文One remarkable aspect of this change was that the commercial classes constituted a small part of the total population—never more than 10 percent.可知， never more than 10 percent是對(duì)前一句話的解釋。故D選項(xiàng)正確。

9. According to paragraph 4, which of the following was associated with the rise of modern states? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A Increased wealth for the ruling classes
B The weakening of the aristocracy
C The decline of the middle class
D A reduction in taxes
答案：B

解析：根據(jù)原文alliances with the middle classes were to enable kings to weaken aristocratic interests and build the states that came to be called modern. 可知，B選項(xiàng)正確。

10. The word "alliances" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A transactions
B communications
C partnerships
D conflicts
答案：C

解析：alliance的語(yǔ)境含義為”聯(lián)盟、同盟“。C選項(xiàng)的partnership的含義為”伙伴關(guān)系“，與語(yǔ)境吻合，為正確答案。
transaction 交易。 communications 交流。conflicts矛盾。

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11. According to paragraph 5, the most important result of the commercial revolution was to 【事實(shí)信息題】
A simplify the organization of European society
B provide employment to agricultural workers
C encourage merchants to become community leaders
D change Europe from a rural to a more urban society
答案：D

解析：根據(jù)原文The slow but steady transformation of European society from almost completely rural and isolated to relatively more urban constituted the greatest effect of the commercial revolution…可知，D選項(xiàng)正確。

12. Paragraph 5 supports which of the following inferences about the commercial revolution between ad 1000 and 1300? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A It had very little impact on social attitudes and values.
B It brought about major political changes throughout Europe.
C It lessened the influence of the church.
D It increased the population of small towns.
答案：A

解析：根據(jù)原文， commercial revolution并沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致political changes，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文The nobility and churchmen determined the predominant social attitudes, values and patterns …可知，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文Most towns remained small可知，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故根據(jù)排除法可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.略

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong To remove an answer choice, click on it
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
During the High Middle Ages (A.D. 1000-1300), Europe underwent a commercial revolution.
Answer Choices
Merchants adopted new accounting and trading procedures to make long-distance trading more efficient.
The faster transportation made possible by improved roads expanded the variety of goods that could be brought to European towns from far away.
The increasing importance of commercial trade led to a decline in the influence of traditional sources of power, such as kings and church leaders.
The mining of silver improved the security of commercial transactions by allowing coins to replace credit and bills of exchange as the means of exchange.
The Hanseatic League was an association of European towns that obtained shipping, trading, and financial benefits for its members.
European society became increasingly urban, with better living conditions and a stronger centralized government.
答案：AEF

解析：根據(jù)原文第一段和第二段的Business procedures changed dramatically 和Commercial accounting became more complex可知，A選項(xiàng)正確。
B選項(xiàng)的隱含的因果邏輯關(guān)系在原文沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，錯(cuò)誤。
C選項(xiàng)的表述與原文第5段的The nobility and churchmen determined the predominant social attitudes, values….不符。
D選項(xiàng)的allowing coins to replace credit的說(shuō)法與第2段的 a device that made … coins unnecessary的說(shuō)法不符。
E選項(xiàng)對(duì)Hanseatic League的描述與第3段的表述吻合，為正確選項(xiàng)。
F選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文to relatively more urban 以及which meant a higher standard of living，為正確選項(xiàng)。 

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