沖刺！2014年9月27日托福寫(xiě)作小范圍預(yù)測(cè)

綜合寫(xiě)作 Integrated Writing

1. Reading: 侏羅紀(jì)時(shí)代的生物滅絕了the mass extinction，可能是因?yàn)殄缧亲驳厍颉?/p>

①. 一些發(fā)現(xiàn)的古老的生物還是什么的碎片，然后它們可以dating back to XXX年250-million-old meteorite fragments

②. meteorite fragments的分散在3個(gè)地方，China, Japan還有一個(gè)。

③.發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)Australia的crater應(yīng)該是大撞擊留下的。

Listening: 這些都是可以解決的。Workable solutions:

①. 第一那些碎片的化學(xué)物質(zhì)沒(méi)有因?yàn)榈貧み\(yùn)動(dòng)受熱而改變，所以時(shí)間應(yīng)該很短，應(yīng)該沒(méi)有250-million-old這么老。

②. 碎片只在那三個(gè)國(guó)家被發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)，如果沖擊力那么強(qiáng)的話，那碎片應(yīng)該是散落全世界。

③. 類似那個(gè)坑的坑到處都是，normal activities such as volcano火山運(yùn)動(dòng)也會(huì)是造成溝壑的原因，該是地球內(nèi)部地質(zhì)活動(dòng)形成的。

2. Reading: Asian carp, in the Greek Lakes, that has too much will damage the local environment. There are three measures to prevent ：

①. Build a wall;

②. Use electrical devices;

③. First, use poison kill all the fish, second, reintroduce the local species.

Listening: disagree

①. Factories near the lake, they use cargos and ships there. It will cost a lot. Ships upload on one side of the wall, and another ship reload at the other side.

②. Small fish still could swim through the device, they grow up and reproduce in lakes.

③. Drastic. No prediction, cannot ensure not pollute the lakes in the future.

3. Reading：The article introduced a kind of plant which called GM (Gene Modification) crop. It has three major benefits:

①. It is good for the environment because it has the resist-gene. Using GM crop can reduce the use of pesticide.

②. It can help poor farmers around the world. GM crop can also have good yield in dry season which will profit the farmer.

③. GM plant can add missing nutrients for people in specific area. For example people eating a lot rice lack of Vitamin A, so GM rice which had added Vitamin A in it can help people gain what they missed.

Listening：The lecture totally disagreed in those three aspects:

①. If the resist-gene is got by the wild crop, it will grow out of control which brings more damage to the environment.

②. Those GM crop cannot help farmers economically because they need to buy those GM seeds every year instead of using the seeds they got from the last season. It is more costly.

③. The Vitamin A added in the rice is not enough. The more efficient way to deal with this problem is encouraging those people eating more vegetable like sweet potato.

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4. Reading: 講一個(gè)叫ESA的program 給買(mǎi)小城市到大城市之間航班機(jī)票的人發(fā)補(bǔ)貼，文章支持這個(gè)program覺(jué)得應(yīng)該繼續(xù)推行。給出了三點(diǎn)理由：

①. 方便住在小城市的居民；

②. 利用小城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；

③. 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)給政府帶來(lái)財(cái)政壓力，因?yàn)轱w小城市的航班都很小，補(bǔ)貼不了多少錢(qián)。

Listening: 男教授認(rèn)為文章觀點(diǎn)不convincing， program不該繼續(xù)，至少該reform：

①. 小城市居民交通沒(méi)那么不方便，一般從小城市到大城市機(jī)場(chǎng)也就110km,也就1小時(shí)多的車(chē)程。住在大城市的人去機(jī)場(chǎng)也得開(kāi)一個(gè)小時(shí)車(chē)到機(jī)場(chǎng)；

②. 政府也該把錢(qián)花在更有經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)的地方,教授指出小城市的人去大城市尋求更好的發(fā)展是自然趨勢(shì)。政府應(yīng)該把錢(qián)花在提供這些人的教育水平上，花在提供更多工作上；

③. 教授說(shuō)文章有一點(diǎn)說(shuō)對(duì)了，就是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目非常expensive,飛小城市的航班都特別小，市場(chǎng)上賣(mài)的很少，甚至有些機(jī)型已經(jīng)不生產(chǎn)了，所以維修和換配件就會(huì)非常貴。

5. Reading: 閱讀說(shuō)在Rhone river發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)bust,說(shuō)這個(gè)bust就是Caesar,是羅馬的一個(gè)leader.

①. 那個(gè)bust（a kind of sculpture) 是realism地形式表現(xiàn) 然后Caesar的時(shí)代也是realism的時(shí)代。

②. bust的hair的表現(xiàn) 和真實(shí)的Caesar一致 （跟money有關(guān)）

③. 因?yàn)槭窃趓iver里發(fā)現(xiàn),以前人們想銷毀它,,有新的leader上任,留著它是不respect.

Listening: 反駁閱讀論點(diǎn)

①. Realism continues after Caesar died.

②. Only the style of hair matches, other features do not match at all.

③. There were others sculpture also found in that river, and they were right added that bust. And throwing it into river, just aiming to dispose the trash.

6. Reading: lionfish 從Indo 洋擴(kuò)展到太平洋了，閱讀中有三種方法來(lái)解決：

①. 人工捕捉它們來(lái)protect coral reef 生物系統(tǒng);

②. 引入fish market，這樣可以減少對(duì) local fish 的需要，讓他們能有時(shí)間 recover;

③. 人們可以把它們用于日常飲食，因?yàn)樗鼈兏叩鞍祝�低脂肪�?/p>

Listening: 教授全部反對(duì)：

①. 人工捕捉無(wú)法區(qū)分lionfish 和其他魚(yú)，很多 rare 的魚(yú)也都在coral reef ，會(huì)牽連其他魚(yú)種；

②. 引進(jìn)市場(chǎng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致有人人工養(yǎng)殖。 Lionfish 如果從 fish farm escape ，這就造成了更嚴(yán)重的 invasive 問(wèn)題；

③. 有些lionfish 是有毒的，吃了以后會(huì)造成 vomiting numbness arching，我們無(wú)法檢驗(yàn)每一條魚(yú)，所以不吃他們。

7. Reading: Arizona發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)200 million years前的蟲(chóng)子的巢化石fossil，很多人認(rèn)為是蜂巢，但是這個(gè)是不可信的，因?yàn)椋?/p>

①. 200百萬(wàn)年前還么有蜜蜂，哪里來(lái)的蜂巢

②. 200百萬(wàn)年前連flowering plants都沒(méi)有，怎么會(huì)有需要吃花蜜的蜜蜂

③. 現(xiàn)代蜜蜂的巢都有個(gè)蓋子，那個(gè)化石沒(méi)有，所以這個(gè)巢很可能是其他蟲(chóng)子的

Listening: 反對(duì)：

①. 沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)有200百萬(wàn)年前的蜜蜂化石不代表沒(méi)有200百萬(wàn)年前的蜜蜂，那時(shí)候蜜蜂筑巢的樹(shù)比較難留下來(lái)，所以沒(méi)有化石也正常

②. 古時(shí)候的蜜蜂就一定要吃花蜜嗎？他們不能吃nonflowering plants嗎

③. 沒(méi)有cap可能因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)原因，腐蝕掉了什么的，再說(shuō)為什么要跟modern bee一樣呢？

8. Reading：美國(guó)的Death Valley理300kg的大石頭會(huì)動(dòng)（moving stones），有人試著解釋:

①. 風(fēng)吹動(dòng)的，因?yàn)榇嬖陉P(guān)于山谷里有大風(fēng)的紀(jì)錄，且天下雨的時(shí)候，muddy變得很平，適合讓風(fēng)吹動(dòng)石頭。

②. 地下水晚上結(jié)冰，石頭就能動(dòng)了。

③. 人類惡搞的。比如麥田圈就是。

Listening：反對(duì)閱讀的說(shuō)法，理由分別是：

①. 沒(méi)有風(fēng)強(qiáng)到能吹到石頭，并且給了張照片，石頭陷在muddy里，按writer的理論，石頭不應(yīng)該陷下去的。

②. 是沙漠，水根本不夠，且溫度太高，就算晚上結(jié)冰，白天就化了，沒(méi)法搬動(dòng)石頭。

③. 如果是人干的，那一定會(huì)留下痕跡，，這種muddy里沒(méi)有人能做到不留痕跡。而現(xiàn)場(chǎng)既沒(méi)有人的痕跡，也沒(méi)有馬的痕跡。

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獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作 Independent Writing

1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Patience is usually not a good strategy; we should take action now rather than later.

2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on new buildings than to preserve historic or traditional buildings and homes.

3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The food we ate in the past was healthier than the food we eat today.

4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should support artists rather than allow them to support themselves.

5. People care more about public recognition than about money. Even if no more money is given, public recognition can still make people work harder.

6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today, young people are better able to make decisions on their own.

7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teaching was a harder job in the past than it is today.

8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is never a reason to be impolite/rude to another person.

關(guān)鍵詞：9月27日  小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 托福機(jī)經(jīng) 

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