一、因果論證
因果論證是所有學(xué)術(shù)論文必須用到的一種論證方法。因?yàn)樵谖魑牡倪壿嬛校魏我粋�句子都是一個因果關(guān)系鏈接條上的一環(huán)。都有前因和后果。
--因果論證的結(jié)構(gòu)：提出論點(diǎn)—分析條件（如果這樣會有什么樣的好處/壞處?)—得出結(jié)果
--如何使用：給觀點(diǎn)時問:為什么
給事實(shí)時問:那又怎樣?會導(dǎo)制什么結(jié)果?
--何時停止：推論到明顯傾向性的結(jié)論或有了事實(shí)
e.g. 同意建工廠:有利于人們生活便利----人多----要購物吃飯-建商店和飯館滿足要求----當(dāng)?shù)厝艘部梢岳眠@些商店和飯館----當(dāng)?shù)厝顺燥堎徫锉憷?---可帶動當(dāng)?shù)氐牟糠志蜆I(yè)；
-- 何時停止：推論到明顯傾向性的結(jié)論或有了事實(shí)
e.g. 不同意建工廠:噪音大,危害嚴(yán)重----如果建工廠----人多,機(jī)器響，車輛哄鳴----噪音大----學(xué)生不能專心學(xué)習(xí)，科研人員不能安心工作，老人不能很好休息----危害很大；
發(fā)展工業(yè)壞處明顯----對環(huán)境的破壞（空氣，水，土壤，freon的排放----ozone layer的破壞----對人體的傷害（被紫外線直射，容易得皮膚癌例證1： When people have jobs, they should be guaranteed that they can have those jobs for their entire working lives.
Job security is very important for both the employee and the employer. For the employee, job security is important because she can depend on her source of income and better plan her future accordingly. For the employer, the employee represents an investment because of the number of hours of training required and the financial support offered by the company, thus, the company will continue to have a return on this.
例證2： The purpose of television should be all educative, not entertaining.
Additionally, television news coverage tends to favour stories that are of a violent or graphic nature. Stories that are explicit or sensational, such as accidents or homicides, will be featured first because they are psychologically more engaging than other stories and, therefore, more likely to hold audience’s attention.
An overemphasis on such stories, however, can distort a young person’s view of the world. It can create a false sense of reality, as though the only newsworthy events are tragic or violent. Young people are by nature emotionally vulnerable, and overexposure to negative news can create feelings of hopelessness and despair, which can lead to a number of disruptive behaviours.
二、因果論證的連接詞
1.先果后因
because, as, since + sentence;
due to,owing to, thanks to, by reason of, on account of, result from, be responsible for,contribute to, give rise to + n./noun phrase(to give a reason)
2.先因后果:
therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, because of this, hence, thus, thereby, for this reason, so + sentence;
lead to, result in + + n./noun phrase (to give a result)
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