托福閱讀背景材料之11個(gè)不可不知的飛機(jī)失事自救方法

Wear long pants, a long-sleeve t-shirt, and sturdy, comfortable, lace-up shoes. 選擇長褲、長袖襯衫和堅(jiān)固舒適的系帶鞋。

Although you may want to be comfortable or professional-looking on a flight, sandals or high heels make it hard to move quickly within the wreckage. High heels are not allowed on the evacuation slides and you can cut your feet and toes on glass or get flammable liquids on or in your sandals if you wear them。盡管你想在飛機(jī)上穿得舒適或職業(yè)，但穿著涼鞋、高跟鞋不利于在飛機(jī)失事后快速逃生。使用逃生滑梯時(shí)不能穿高跟鞋，而光腳或只穿涼鞋有可能會被玻璃劃傷，或沾上易燃液體。

Book the right seats. 預(yù)定安全位置的座位。

The key to survive a crash is frequently how quickly you can get out. To this end, it’s best to get seats as close as possible to an exit, and aisle seats are generally preferable. In addition, try to sit in the back of the plane. Passengers in the tail of the aircraft have 40% higher survival rates than those in the first few rows。通常情況下，逃生速度越快就越容易脫險(xiǎn)。為此，所選座位離出口越近越好，最好能選上靠近過道的位置。另外，應(yīng)選擇靠后的座位。坐在飛機(jī)尾部的乘客在事故發(fā)生時(shí)，比坐在飛機(jī)前排的能多出40%的逃生幾率。

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Read the safety information card and pay attention to the pre-flight safety speech.仔細(xì)閱讀安全卡片，注意起飛前的安全通告。

Don’t assume you know it all already. Every type of airplane has different safety instructions. If you're sitting in an exit row, study the door and make sure you know how to open it if you need to. In normal circumstances the flight attendant will open the door, but if they are dead or injured, you'll need to do it。別以為你已經(jīng)知道所有的安全事項(xiàng)。不同類型的飛機(jī)都有不同的安全指導(dǎo)。如果你坐在出口一排，要仔細(xì)研究艙門，知道如何開門，以備不時(shí)之需。正常情況下乘務(wù)員會開門，但如果他們受傷死亡，就要你自己來做了。

Make a plan. 制定逃生計(jì)劃。

If the plane is going to crash, you almost always have several minutes to prepare before impact. Use this time to once again review where the exits are, and try to count the number of seats between your row and the exit row—that way you’ll know when you’ve reached the exit even if you can’t see it. 如果飛機(jī)發(fā)生事故，你大概在墜機(jī)前有幾分鐘準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。利用這段時(shí)間再次觀察出口位置，數(shù)清你的位置離出口有幾排座位，這樣即使在你看不見時(shí)也能明確出口方位。

Assess the situation as well as possible. Try to determine what surface the plane will land on so you can customize your preparations. If you’re going to be landing in water, for example, you’ll want to put your life vest on—don’t inflate it until you’re out of the plane—and if you’re going to be landing in cold weather, you should try to get a blanket or jacket to keep you warm once outside。盡可能準(zhǔn)確地估計(jì)狀況。盡量明確飛機(jī)迫降表面，并作出相應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備。例如，如果飛機(jī)要降落在水面上，你則需穿上救生衣(但注意應(yīng)在出飛機(jī)后再充氣)，如果外面很冷，你還應(yīng)該帶上毯子或夾克衫御寒。

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Keep your seat belt securely fastened at all times. 任何時(shí)候都要系緊安全帶。

In any case, make sure it is placed around you snugly before impact. Also, push that snug seat belt down as low over your pelvis as possible. The pelvis is a very strong structure that handles force well. If your belt slides up into your stomach, you have a greater chance of sustaining dangerous internal injuries. 在任何情況下，都要確保飛機(jī)沖擊地面時(shí)把安全帶系牢。另外，還要將安全帶系在盆骨以下，因?yàn)榕韫墙Y(jié)構(gòu)更易受力。如果安全帶滑到肚子上，內(nèi)臟受傷的幾率會大大增加。

Brace yourself for impact.墜機(jī)時(shí)抱緊自己。

If you know you’re going to crash, brace yourself. Return your seat back to its full upright position, bend forward and put your chest on your thighs and your head between your knees. Cross your wrists in front of your lower calves, and grab your ankles. Place your legs as far under the seat as possible to avoid breaking your shin bones。如果你知道馬上就要墜機(jī)，抱緊自己。把座位調(diào)到完全豎直的位置，彎腰將胸部貼緊大腿，將頭放置于兩膝之間，雙手在小腿前交叉后抓住腳踝。不要將腿放在座位下方，以防脛骨受傷。

Remain calm. 保持冷靜。

It can be easy to get swept up in the pandemonium immediately preceding and following a crash. Keep a cool head, though, and you’re more likely to get out alive. Remember that even in the worst wrecks, you do have a chance of survival. You’ll need to be able to think methodically and rationally to maximize that chance。在墜機(jī)前后很容易被混亂場面沖昏頭腦。這時(shí)一定要保持冷靜才能有更大的逃生幾率。請記住，即使在最糟糕的的事故中，也會有一線生機(jī)，你要做的就是冷靜、有步驟地思考如何做才能擴(kuò)大自己的生存幾率。

Put your oxygen mask on before assisting others. 戴好自己的氧氣罩之后再去幫別人。

You’ve probably heard this on every commercial flight you’ve been on, but it’s worth repeating. If the integrity of the cabin is compromised, you have only about 15 seconds to start breathing through your oxygen mask before you are rendered unconscious。可能你在所有民航飛機(jī)上都聽到過這句話，但重復(fù)這點(diǎn)相當(dāng)重要。如果機(jī)艙整體性被破壞，在你昏迷前只有15秒的時(shí)間戴氧氣面罩。

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Protect yourself from smoke. 防止吸入煙塵。

Fire and, more commonly, smoke is responsible for a large percentage of crash fatalities. The smoke in an airplane fire can be very thick and highly toxic, so cover your nose and mouth with a cloth to avoid breathing it in. 大規(guī)模失事飛機(jī)人員死亡的主要因素是火災(zāi)，尤其是煙塵。機(jī)艙起火會產(chǎn)生具有高濃度和高毒性的煙霧，因此要捂住口鼻防止吸入過量煙霧。

Get out of the airplane as quickly as possible. 迅速離開機(jī)艙。

It’s critical to get out of the aircraft without delay—if fire or smoke is present, you will generally have less than two minutes to safely exit the plane。飛機(jī)墜毀后迅速離開機(jī)艙至關(guān)重要。若有火災(zāi)、煙霧，你安全逃出飛機(jī)的時(shí)間一般不會多于2分鐘。

Get at least 500 feet upwind from the wreckage. 逃離至距離飛機(jī)殘骸逆風(fēng)方向至少500英尺(約為152米)的方位。

If you’re stranded in a remote area, the best thing to do usually is to stay close to the aircraft to await rescuers. You don’t want to be too close, though. Fire or explosion can happen at any time after a crash, so put some distance between you and the plane. 如果你降落在荒僻地區(qū)，最好是在飛機(jī)附近等待救援人員。但也不能靠得太近。飛機(jī)墜機(jī)后，隨時(shí)會發(fā)生火災(zāi)或爆炸，因此還要保持一段距離。

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