托福閱讀長難句專業(yè)翻譯講解

托福閱讀中會出現(xiàn)一些長難句考驗大家，是大家獲取托福閱讀高分的障礙。當(dāng)我們在托福閱讀考試中遇到這些句子時，在平時備考復(fù)習(xí)的時候，注重積累，覺得用得到的要記下來。以下總結(jié)的托福閱讀中的幾個高難度句，希望對大家的托福閱讀考試有幫助。

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“Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups; we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. Sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships.“

很多同學(xué)，看到上面的“we view the people as ends in themselves”和“we perceive people as means to ends”就徹底暈菜了。這個其實是可以理解的，這兩句話實際是哲學(xué)家Kant(康德)關(guān)于道德的哲學(xué)思想。我們先來看看康德是怎么說的：

Humanity

According to Kant, there are different ways to state what our duty is. One of them involves the idea of a law. Another involves the idea of humanity, or human reason. Morality says that you should never treat rational human beings merely as means to your end. Whenever you use someone’s skills or services to your own end, you should always also treat that person as an end in him- or herself.

翻譯：康德認(rèn)為，有不同的方式來陳述我們的職責(zé)。其中一個是涉及法律。另外一個是涉及人性和人道。道德論認(rèn)為，你永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該把一個理性的人只是作為你達到你的目的中間手段。當(dāng)你用其他的服務(wù)和技能作為你達到你的目的是，你應(yīng)該尊重他們作為個體而不是你的手段而已。

分析：這里的mean實際上是一個途徑，一個中間過程。如果我們把他人視為達成某種目標(biāo)的中間途徑,那就不是道德的。end在這里是終點，自身的結(jié)果。只有把他人視為end才是尊重別人才是道德的。

其實這個道理很簡單。就是我們常說的：不已結(jié)婚為目的談戀愛都是耍流氓。你不已結(jié)婚為目的，就是把女孩當(dāng)成means了，所以很不道德。你如果是以結(jié)婚為目的話，就是當(dāng)成ends了。

以上就是非常有難度的一些托福閱讀難句，以及附上他們的中文翻譯。從這些翻譯中我們解讀托福閱讀難句的結(jié)構(gòu)和語法知識，從而了解托福閱讀的一些難點，希望同學(xué)們能夠順利掌握。

關(guān)鍵詞：  托福考試

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