【雙語(yǔ)】BBC看中國(guó)：“土豪”成英語(yǔ)熱詞

　　A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China - "tuhao" - which loosely translated means "nouveau riche". There have been more than 100 million references to the word "tuhao" on social media since early September.
　　一個(gè)新詞最近突然在中國(guó)爆紅——“土豪”，勉強(qiáng)可以翻譯為“nouveau riche”（法語(yǔ)：暴發(fā)戶(hù)）。九月份上旬以來(lái)，“土豪”一詞在中國(guó)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出現(xiàn)了1億多次。

　　It's being used to describe everything from the new People's Daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of bling, and the new gold-coloured iPhone.
　　從人民日?qǐng)?bào)社的新大樓到明星大腕紙醉金迷的婚禮，到新款的金色iPhone，一切都可以被形容為“土豪”。

　　In Chinese "tu" means earth, and "hao" means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have made it rich quick - but don't quite have the manners, or sophistication to go along with it. It's like the term "nouveau riche", says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham - but has even more negative connotations, suggesting a certain vulgarity.
　　在漢語(yǔ)中，“土” 即庸俗、土氣，“豪” 即富貴。說(shuō)某人是土豪即意味著此人出身卑微，后來(lái)突然暴富——卻沒(méi)有培養(yǎng)出和物質(zhì)財(cái)富相應(yīng)的禮貌風(fēng)范和城府。來(lái)自諾丁漢大學(xué)的當(dāng)代中國(guó)研究學(xué)院教授曾銳生表示，土豪有點(diǎn)像是法語(yǔ)中nouveau riche 暴發(fā)戶(hù)，但指代更消極，還稍嫌粗俗。

　　"Tuhao" is actually an old word - dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago - but it has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and gentry who would bully those beneath them.
　　“土豪”實(shí)際上是一個(gè)舊詞——最早可以追溯到1500年前的南朝時(shí)期——但它的意義在歷朝歷代一直都在變化。在20世紀(jì)20年代至50年代的社會(huì)主義革命期間，它被廣泛用于形容那些壓迫農(nóng)民階級(jí)的地主鄉(xiāng)紳。

　　This new usage of the term took off in September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a more simple life. The monk replies instead with the phrase: "Tuhao, let's be friends!"
　　今年9月份以來(lái)，這個(gè)詞被賦予新的含義并重新啟用，這是由一個(gè)廣為流傳的笑話(huà)所引發(fā)的。一個(gè)富裕卻情緒消沉的人到廟里拜見(jiàn)高僧尋求指點(diǎn)。此人滿(mǎn)以為高僧會(huì)指點(diǎn)他過(guò)更簡(jiǎn)樸的生活，沒(méi)想到僧人卻說(shuō)：“土豪，我們交個(gè)朋友吧！”

　　Chinese internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words as a way of getting past censorship rules. But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it encapsulates China's changing society so well - many people sneer at those with wealth, but are secretly jealous.
　　中國(guó)網(wǎng)民在使用語(yǔ)言方法是極富創(chuàng)造性的，他們常常創(chuàng)造或改造詞匯，以此來(lái)規(guī)避審查。但是對(duì)于“土豪”這個(gè)詞，它之所以如此流行似乎是因?yàn)�，歸根結(jié)底，它正是中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的一個(gè)縮影——許多人對(duì)這些擁有財(cái)富的人表面鄙夷，暗中卻非常妒忌。

　　關(guān)鍵詞：土豪 tuhao，nouveau rich
　　本是漢語(yǔ)中固有詞語(yǔ)。在20世紀(jì)上半葉，特指有財(cái)有勢(shì)橫行鄉(xiāng)里的地主惡霸。今日之“土豪”泛指現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中富而不貴的群體。