如何解決雅思作文“長不高”的煩惱

英語基礎差的雅思考生在寫雅思作文的時候，經常會為句子寫不長而煩惱，無論其怎么地絞盡腦汁地湊字數，文章看起來都是“短小精湛”。于是考生十分的困惑，究竟怎樣才能把雅思作文的句子寫長一點？就像身體長高有一定的方法，讓雅思作文長高也是有方法可循的。在雅思考試中，閱卷官對長難句情有獨鐘，為了能夠獲得考官的青睞，考生勢必得投其所好，寫出“高大威武”的長難句。本次的講解核心是雅思寫作長難句，重點介紹如何用定語狀語寫長句子，為句子帶上高帽和戴上增高鞋，幫助考生解決雅思作文“長不高”的煩惱，使句子獲得由短變長的飛躍。
    英語的基本句型有五種，無論多么復雜的長難句，在句子“長高”之前，其實都是一些簡單句。
    我們先來看看一些簡單句基本句型的實例，
第一種：主語  ＋   不及物動詞
John came．
第二種：主語  ＋  及物動詞  ＋  賓語
John likes English.
第三種：主語  ＋   系動詞   ＋  主語補語
John is happy．
第四種：主語  ＋  雙賓動詞  ＋  間接賓語  ＋  直接賓語
John gave me a book．
第五種：主語  ＋  賓補動詞  ＋  賓語  ＋  賓語補語
John makes his girl friend happy．
    John出場了，我們看到了，他長得確實“有點短”，我們想幫助他長高，有什么妙招呢？
    方法就是：給句子加上一些基本成份的修飾語，然后用連詞連接起來。
    基本成分的修飾語用定語和狀語，定語是用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句，狀語是用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。
定    語
Poor John came.
John likes American English
John is rather happy．
John gave his girl friend many books，which are full of illustrations．
John makes his girl friend very happy．
狀   語
John often came to chat with me．
John likes English very much．
No matter what happen, John is happy．
In the library, John gave his girl friend a book．
Whatever he do，John makes his girl friend very happy．
    上面的例子十分簡單，相信考生可以快速領會到此方法的妙處。
    學會用定語和狀語寫長句子，我們再來看看怎么用連接成分使句子一高再高。
連接成份實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句，這種連詞叫做并列連詞，另一類連接成份是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子從屬于另一個句子（即從句）的連詞，這類連詞叫從屬連詞，從屬連詞主要用于引導各種從句。一個完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個到4個基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成份。
    簡單句的擴展就是把簡單句的主語、賓語加上一個短語（如定語）來擴展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進行擴展。兩個簡單句的主語可以用and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。
例句：John is flying to America. His girl friend is flying to America.
      John and his girl friend are flying to America.
      Both John and his girl friend are flying to America.
      John is flying to England. His girl friend is not flying to England.
      John but not his girl friend is flying to England.
      John may be flying to Berlin. His girl friend may be flying to Berlin.
      Either John or his girl friend is flying to Berlin.
      John is not flying to York. His girl friend isn’t flying to York.
      Neither John nor his girl friend is flying to York.
    兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、both…and等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。
例句：I met John. I met his girl friend.
      I met John and his girl friend.
      I met John and his girl friend.
      I didn’t meet John. I didn’t meet his girl friend.
      I didn’t meet John or his girl friend.
      I met neither John nor his girl friend.
      例句是不是很通俗易懂呢？對于基礎特別差的學生，最實用的妙招就是套用套句
例如：
Another special consideration in this case is that... 對這個問題的另一考慮是...
Besides, we should not neglect that... 除此之外，我們還不能忽視...
But it is a pity that... 但遺憾的是...
But the problem is not so simple, therefore... 然而問題并非如此簡單，因此...
Others may find this to be true, but I do not, I believe that... 在別人看來可能是對的，但我個人并不認為如此，我認為...
Perhaps you'll question why... 也許你會問為什么...
There is certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem... 盡管大量事實如此，但我們還有一個疑問...
Though we are in basic agreement with... 雖然基本上我們同意...
What seems to be the trouble is... 似乎困難是在...
Yet difference will be found, what is why I feel that... 然而其中仍有差別，這也正是我們?yōu)槭裁凑J為...
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you may... 只要你認為這合理，你就可以...
...should be put in the first place. ...應放在首要位置
Next, another factor we must consider is that... 接下來，我們必須考慮的另一因素是...
The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that... 每個人都注意到，最主要的原因是...
What is also with noticing is that... 另一個值得注意的是...
    有了這些套句的幫助，學生寫不出長句的時候套進去，句子也會迅速變長的。
    接下來我們看看雅思作文中一些“長不高”的句子，在我們的幫助下是如何“長高”的。
長高前：Nuclear plants are clean and economical but people hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
  長高后：Nuclear plants are a clean and economical way of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy; however people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
方法：增加定語of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy來修飾way,添加連詞however，添加especially local residents來限制people,再用定語從句who are very concerned about safety來修飾people.這樣一來，句子就被“拔高”了。
再看兩個例句：
  長高前：　Some people succeed. Other people fail. The difference is whether they can take advantage of opportunities.　　
  長高后：One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail is the extent to which they take advantage of opportunities rather than the number of opportunities, which will inevitably arise, if rarely, in the course of one’s life.
  方法：用between。。。。。。and。。。。。。把Some people succeed和Other people fail兩個短句連接起來，用兩個which引導定語從句和非限制性定語從句，if引導條件狀語從句。巧用從句，寫出長句有何難？
  長高前：College students are interested in grades and economic success. They are expected to cheat more frequently.　　   
  長高后：College students, primarily interested in grades and economic success, are expected to cheat more frequently than those who graduated ten years ago and are far less concerned with the problem of society than with their own personal future.
  方法：從句primarily interested in grades and economic success來修飾College students，those who graduated ten years ago來與現在的College students做對比，and連接的句子指出College students的問題。
    接下來我們一起看看一篇雅思的考官范文，看看考官是如何寫出長難句的，如何讓雅思作文“鶴立雞群”。
題目：
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文：
    As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.
    第一段是對題目的改寫，整段的核心意思是說的就是職業(yè)運動員收入頗豐
（sports professionals are paid huge salaries）。作者先給出原因，在媒體不斷地推波助瀾下，我國的許多職業(yè)運動員已成為了明星和名人。（As a result of constant media attention，sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities）再揭露現象，像一些電影明星一樣，他（她）們也是香車豪宅，生活極為奢華。（Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.）。作者用的狀語有，原因狀語（As a result of），地點狀語（in my country），比較狀語（Just like movie stars），方式狀語（with huge houses and cars）。作者用的定語有，形容詞做定語，如，constant，定語從句，如，those at the top修飾sports professionals。
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
    第二段講的是許多人覺得他（她）們的回報極為不公（Many people find their rewards unfair
）作者給出合理解釋，運動員的薪水并不是由一個人對社會所做出的貢獻或者其責任水平所決定，相反，它們反映的是從整體上來說體育運動在大眾中的普及性以及那些成功的體育明星對促進公眾對運動的支持所做出的貢獻。（sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate.）作者在第一句講許多人覺得他（她）們的回報極為不公，后面用了兩個從句跟隨especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists，or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country。本來句子是“不高”的，作者帶為其帶上高帽和穿上增高鞋，句子一下子就“高大威武”許多。
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.
    第三段講了體育明星拿高薪的原因，那些認為體育明星拿高薪無可厚非的人爭辯說那些有天賦的體育運動員實屬鳳毛麟角，高薪是對他（她）們嫻熟技能和通往成功之路所付出努力的承認。（　Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.）作者用了套句Those who。。。。。。argue that。。。。。。
競爭持續(xù)不斷，運動員在他（她）們相對較短的運動生涯中迎接每次檢驗。來自于媒體的壓力令人窒息，而且他（她）們必須生活在鎂光燈下，沒有隱私。這一切都證明了他（她）們高薪得之無愧。（Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform. in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.）作者列舉了兩個原因，持續(xù)的競爭，媒體的壓力，明星運動員的付出比常人多，高薪得之無愧。
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.
    最后一段，再一次重申了體育明星的高薪更受之無愧并呼吁我們關注體育領域。比起電影明星的高薪，體育明星的高薪更受之無愧（I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars）該現象也顯得出我們的社會更關注體育而非其它一些更重要的領域和成就（it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.）作者使用的狀語有personally, but at the same time.
     大家看了雅思考官的作文，結合以上的分析，是不是有一種如釋重負的感覺，原來考官寫的作文也不過如此。
    不積跬步無以至千里，不積小流無以成江�！，F在大家應該知道如何使短句變長句了，同學們要時刻牢記：寫作的終極目的是考察學生的語言能力，你的雅思作文要想鶴立雞群，就得學會讓雅思作文“長高”的方法。