托福閱讀地質(zhì)類話題講解

 地質(zhì)類文章在當中可以說是非常常見了，地質(zhì)類文章當中的專業(yè)詞匯比較多，這可能成為同學們理解托福閱讀文章的攔路虎，本期新通教育閱讀老師孫茜為同學們分享的就是托福閱讀文章結構邏輯及一些高頻詞匯，相信能給同學們的托福學習帶來幫助。

地質(zhì)類文章在閱讀里很常見，我們閱讀地質(zhì)類文章在掌握一定詞匯的基礎下需要對文章的結構和展開的邏輯有一定把握，這樣才能做題的時候做到心中有數(shù)。今天我們就TPO21的Lake Water為例，講解推斷題的做法。

The questions become more complicated when actual volumes of water are considered: how much water enters and leaves by each route? Discovering the inputs and outputs of rivers is a matter of measuring the discharges of every inflowing and outflowing stream and river. Then exchanges with the atmosphere are calculated by finding the difference between the gains from rain, as measured (rather roughly) by rain gauges, and the losses by evaporation, measured with models that correct for the other sources of water loss. For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect. Changes in lake level not explained by river flows plus exchanges with the atmosphere must be due to the net difference between what seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater. Note the word "net": measuring the actual amounts of groundwater seepage into the lake and out of the lake is a much more complicated matter than merely inferring their difference.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the movement of water into a lake?

A. Heavy rain accounts for most of the water that enters into lakes.

B. Rainfall replaces approximately the amount of water lost through evaporation.

C. Overland flow into lakes is reduced by the presence of forests.

D. Seepage has a smaller effect on water level than any other input.

第一句話the questions指代第一段中水流進和流出的方式，而actual volume是之前未提及的內(nèi)容，而more表遞進，因此我們可知該段提出了新的前提，即流量，即更復雜的是得出幾種途徑中水的實際流量是多少。接著下一句measuring the discharges和actual volume進行同義替換，而inflowing and outflowing stream and river即為其中一個路徑。接著exchanges with the atmosphere為第二個路徑，而find the difference找到差異對應measuring the discharges，緊接著，input from overland flow對應第三個路徑，但是too small因此并不計算其差異，注意這段在講的時候出現(xiàn)了一個之前未提及的新詞forest，可以劃上記號。最后changes in a lake level依然對應差異，而seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater對應第四個路徑。該段以總分結構詳細闡述了四種路徑的實際水量。因此答案推斷題的答案也該圍繞著四個途徑的水量而講。我們看A，大雨占了進入湖的大部分水。Heavy rain屬于與大氣的交換，文章只是四種途徑的測量，并沒有比較，不選。B，降雨替代了通過蒸發(fā)所喪失的水量，文章并沒有講每種方式流入流出之間具體關系。C，森林的存在減少了overland flow，文章第三個途徑確實講overland flow，也確實有提到森林，我們回看。For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect。文章說對于大多數(shù)湖，尤其被森林包圍的，overland flow太小去影響，因此對的。D說滲入是影響最小的，與之前所提overland flow too small to have an effect 相悖，應該選C。

重點詞、詞組

Volume：容積

Discharge：排出(物);流出(物)

Gauge：計量器

Evaporation：蒸發(fā);消失

Leak：漏;滲漏

Seepage：滲透

關于托福閱讀地質(zhì)相關的文章就給同學們講解到這里，如果同學們計劃出國，或者是正在準備，可以。我們的老師會根據(jù)同學們的實際情況，給同學們推薦適合的。希望同學們能夠在托�？荚嚠斨凶罱K取得理想的成績。

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