托福聽力lecture并列型分析（二）

 之前我們介紹了lecture的并列型結構，一般是圍繞某一個主題并列平行展開去講解。這類結構沒有之前我們見到的直線型結構那么好區(qū)分，因為他沒有明顯的表示時間地點人物的信號詞，但是這種結構類型是我們TPO和考試中出現(xiàn)的比較多的結構類型。我們這次分析一篇按并列結構分層的一篇文章。

今天我們以TPO34-L1為例，給大家講解一下。

All right. So last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada. But I don’t want you to think the ideas we introduced last time were limited to painting, sculpture, that sort of thing. So today I want to move beyond the visual arts and talk a bit about Dada in the performing arts, in theater.首先開篇講到了我們今天的主題達達主義，并且詳細講到我們的主題是要講的是達達主義的表演藝術，而不僅僅是繪畫雕塑方面。

But let’s start by reviewing what Dada is. OK? As you will recall, Dada began in Switzerland, in the city of Zurich, in 1916. The artists who studied it were reacting against traditional notions of beauty, of reason, of progress, which had been standards of western thought since the 18th century. They looked around. And well, I mean, the First World War was raging, so they didn’t see much beauty, reason or progress in the world. Instead, they saw a world that was chaotic, random, a world that didn’t make sense. And if that’s the way the world was, well, they wanted their art to reflect that. 首先老師為同學們復習了一下達達主義的定義，就是反對傳統(tǒng)的美學概念，表達chaotic, random的思想。這體現(xiàn)了當時一站的社會背景。

So let’s…let’s review a couple of key ideas that were the backbone of Dada art.

First, the Dadaists wanted to completely reject the classical idea of art. Classical ideas like proportion, balance…all the things you think about when you think about great art. Great art involved reason, the logic, the beauty that the Dadaists wanted to overthrow.在這里體現(xiàn)了一個非常常見的考點就是列舉內(nèi)容，老師說要review一些關鍵信息，后面一般會有很多的列舉，并且列舉的內(nèi)容一般都會出多選題的。首先第一點這點也非常好記就是reject the classical idea of art

So, well, you know, to a Dadaist, classical artwork was a reflection of outdated thinking! That’s why Dadaists created sculptures like the ones we saw last week. Remember the stool with the bicycle wheel mounted on top? I wouldn’t exactly called that beautiful, would you? But of course it wasn’t meant to be. That was the point! 后面聚舉到了具體的例子bicycle wheel，按照我們之前的分析例子的功能一定是為了去體現(xiàn)主體句的，也就是第一點關鍵點reject the classical idea of art

So another key Dada idea we talked about was the embracing of randomness. Right? Uh…if life is random, said the Dadaists, why would we make art that has order and logic? And so we have that collage we looked at, with an artist took different, you know, cut-out squares of colored paper, threw them onto the canvas, and wherever they landed, that was the composition of the work! 用another這個詞表達出了第二了關鍵信息random，這一點也非常的好記，緊接著就舉出了相關的例子chance poetry，那還是一樣例子的功能一定是為了去體現(xiàn)主體句，這些在題目中都有體現(xiàn)。

Another favorite of the Dadaists was something called chance poetry. A chance poet would pull words out of a hat and that would be…that would make up the poem! And this idea of chance and randomness was a key element of Dadaism because the whole world seemed so random to them.

So now let’s take a look at how Dadaist ideas represented to audiences in highly unconventional…well…I am not even sure how to categorize these theatrical events. I suppose you just have to call them shows. These shows started in Zurich in a place called the Cabaret Voltaire.

The rejection of classical western art, well, you see this in the nature of what took place at the Cabaret Voltaire. They didn’t put on plays or operas there. What they did was throw out all conventions. 之后老師講到了另外的信息，要講到跟performance相關的信息，并且舉到一個具體的例子，在Cabaret Voltaire上演的一出戲，這出戲是對達達主義最好的體現(xiàn)。

They mixed everything and anything together. They would…it might start with somebody reading a poem. Then somebody else playing an instrument, followed by a display of paintings, followed by somebody else chanting, followed by somebody else banging on a big drum, and someone dressed in a robot costume jumping up and down. So it’s not like a play. There’s no real plot development here like you’d find in the traditional theatrical performance. 緊接著開始具體的描述了這出戲的題點，這出戲會把所有的元素的綜合起來包括了一系列內(nèi)容：唱跳繪畫打鼓等等，這一系列元素正是體現(xiàn)了之前我們所說的達達主義所體現(xiàn)的混亂和隨機性。而這些特點在題目中都是有體現(xiàn)的。

lecture并列型分析本篇例題就為大家講解到這里，如果同學們對托�？荚嚮蛘吒信d趣，