托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作如何進(jìn)行故事舉例

在托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中，舉例通常有兩種方法共五類舉例詞匯，其中描述現(xiàn)象有三類詞匯：such as/like，include/range from…to…以及for example/for instance;敘述故事有兩類詞匯：illustrate/exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。需要特別注意的是，無(wú)論是哪種方法，都要有細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，我們可以用“刨根問(wèn)底找畫(huà)面感”的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。下面我們來(lái)討論在敘述故事中會(huì)用到的舉例詞匯。

敘述故事就是寫(xiě)出真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件，這些事件可以是發(fā)生在其他人身上的，也可以是發(fā)生在自己身上的，適合它的舉例詞匯比較多，在此僅討論相對(duì)“高端”的兩種：illustrate與exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。為了能更加直觀地展現(xiàn)舉例的這種方法，現(xiàn)以TPO16的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目為例，“最佳的旅行方式是跟隨有導(dǎo)游的旅游團(tuán)”，并且選擇disagree(其實(shí)也可選擇agree，但舉例方法大同小異，所以在此只討論disagree的情況)，理由是“導(dǎo)游會(huì)把游客帶到商品價(jià)格極高的紀(jì)念品店”，例子是my cousin Joseph的一段親身經(jīng)歷，這就是一個(gè)真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件，也即敘述故事：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

故事一般可由以下兩類詞匯引入，現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)逐一討論。

一、illustrate與exemplify，這兩個(gè)詞是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的，如果能將它們用好，必定會(huì)使文章增色不少，這兩個(gè)詞通常用來(lái)引人一個(gè)真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件，使用時(shí)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)(illustrate與exemplify同義，可互換)：

1. illustrate 與exemplify都是及物動(dòng)詞，它們的賓語(yǔ)都是表“觀點(diǎn)”的詞，如point等。

2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性，with可用by替換，the case of可用the example of與the story about等表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換，但要注意它們所用介詞的不同。

3. exemplify被很多的考生拼錯(cuò)，寫(xiě)成examplify——它與example不同，是以exe-開(kāi)頭的，而不是exa-。偶爾的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤不傷大雅，但是很多的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤很有可能導(dǎo)致失分。

【參考例句】

Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. I will illustrate/exemplify this point with the case of my cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 100 dollars, which was too expensive.

當(dāng)然，也可以選擇被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)換著使用，寫(xiě)成：

Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. This point can be illustrated/exemplified with the case ofmy cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.

二、…deserves a special mention，這個(gè)表達(dá)也是大多數(shù)考生所不熟悉的，如果能用好它，文章一定會(huì)顯得高大上，這個(gè)表達(dá)通常也用來(lái)引人一個(gè)真實(shí)發(fā)生的事件，使用時(shí)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1. 在…deserves a special mention中，a可以省略，寫(xiě)成…deserves special mention。

2. 為了體現(xiàn)句法多樣性，when it comes to…可用speaking of…等表達(dá)進(jìn)行替換。

3. 也可結(jié)合上面提到的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，寫(xiě)成The case of…/The example of…/The story about…deserves a special mention，后跟具體的事件即可;由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此deserve也要相應(yīng)地使用第三人稱單數(shù)，這是非常簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，但往往被相當(dāng)一部分考生所忽略，因此造成失分，非�？上�。

【參考例句】

When it comes to being taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive, my cousin Joseph deserves a special mention. He last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.