托福閱讀中邏輯關(guān)系的辨別思路

是整場托�？荚嚨拈_篇，發(fā)揮的好壞也一定程度上影響著后來題目的發(fā)揮。但是很多同學(xué)在備考時卻總是找不到章法，沒有正確的技巧，所以正確率時高時低。其實，的成敗就在于知道答案在哪里，而非答案是什么。明白作者的寫作思路，找到文章的段與段之前、句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，掌握正確做題思路，以不變應(yīng)萬變才是關(guān)鍵。

邏輯是一篇文章的靈魂，也是出題者的集中地，考試中經(jīng)常以混淆邏輯關(guān)系為出題點，所以快速識別出文章中的邏輯關(guān)系絕對是備考的重中之重。托福文章多以科普性文章居多，有時邏輯關(guān)系表達的比較隱晦，一時間可能難以識別，但是這些都可以通過平時的訓(xùn)練進行提高，直至形成條件性反射。  

下面就是為大家整理的一些托福閱讀中邏輯關(guān)系的提示詞，看到這些詞，大家就要警覺起來，迅速識別出是哪種邏輯關(guān)系！但是這些提示詞也僅供參考，大家還是要考慮具體語境。 

注：以下例句均出自托福TPO閱讀。

并列邏輯

出現(xiàn)并列時要注意，要迅速把并列對象聯(lián)系起來，很可能會在except題中出現(xiàn)。同時，某些并列詞常伴隨著對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

and / both ……and…… 最明顯的并列提示詞。名詞間用and連接表并列，句子間用and連接常表遞進

It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles. 

as well as 還有

All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important implications for a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport, merchant marines, and the shipbuilding industry. 

together with 伴隨

Recent measurements made in the field together with laboratory simulations offer a promising explanation of how this structure of charged particles forms. 

between……and…… / among

Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising.

apart from 除了

Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. 

comprise / consist 包含

The greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

either……or…… / neither……nor……

Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats or turnpikes. 

轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯

這是托福閱讀必須掌握的邏輯關(guān)系，很容易出題。我們把讓步與轉(zhuǎn)折都歸到這里，因為它們的提示詞往往很相似，但是具體是讓步還是轉(zhuǎn)折我們還是根據(jù)語境分析。轉(zhuǎn)折，常見于前后具有兩個完全相反的意思；而讓步往往有欲揚先抑、先貶后煲的意味，提及的信息有一種預(yù)料之外的感覺。  

but / however 最容易辨別的提示詞

The green iceberg did not contain large amounts of particles from these organisms, but the ice had accumulated dissolved organic matter from the seawater. 

even though / even if 雖然，即使

Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.

despite / in spite of 盡管

But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem, despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. 

nonetheless / nevertheless 盡管如此，然而

A warm-blooded turtle may seem to be a contradiction in terms. Nonetheless, an adult leatherback can maintain a body temperature of between 25 and 26°C (77-79°F) in seawater that is only 8°C (46.4°F).

at least 隱含讓步

At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community.

seem to后常見轉(zhuǎn)折

One Lascaux narrative picture, which shows a man with a birdlike head and a wounded animal, would seem to lend credence to this third opinion, but there is still much that remains unexplained.

因果邏輯 

一定要搞清楚原因和結(jié)果，托福閱讀常見錯誤選項設(shè)置即因果倒置。 

because / so / therefore 最明顯的因果邏輯提示詞

Because the surface of the water table is not flat but instead rises and falls with topography, groundwater is affected by gravity in the same fashion as surface water. 

cause / lead to 原因?qū)е陆Y(jié)果

In Europe as a whole, the exceptional reduction in the population and the related fall in demand for grain since the beginning of the seventeenth century had caused the price of agricultural products to fall. 

after 后面跟隱含的原因

After projectors became popular, Edison lost money, and although he had previously refused to develop projection technology, now be was forced to do so.

result / consequence 結(jié)果是……的原因

The great height of Martian volcanoes is a direct consequence of the planet’s low surface gravity. 

once 后面跟隱含的原因

Once seen by the natives, such objects created a fashion which rapidly spread through the province. 

比較邏輯

主要集中在相同相似、相反相異、比較級與最高級。另外，在涉及到兩個不同的對象，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯可以轉(zhuǎn)換為比較邏輯。 

比較級

Mass-produced goods were accompanied by fewer more aesthetically impressive objects such as statuettes. 

最高級

It was constructed in the latest Italian style 

倍數(shù)

Furthermore, other studies show that Caucasian American mother-child pairs talk about past events three times more often than do Korean mother-child pairs.   

similar / same / different 表相同相似與不同

The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way.

previously 時間先后對比

Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays, lectures, and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time.

the first time 第一次 隱含的和以前的比較，以前沒有過

For the first time, people began to talk about ice ages.

relatively / comparatively

On Mars, there are relatively few craters less than 5 kilometers in diameter. 

rather than 而不是，兩者對比

There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. 

by contrast 與前者正反對比

By contrast, the large zebra lives on the masses of low-quality stem material. 

likewise 同樣地

The wildebeests follow, in their migration, the pattern of local rainfall. The other species do likewise.

some……others…… 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯可以轉(zhuǎn)換為比較邏輯

It is anthropologically important to inquire into the conditions that made some societies adopt agriculture while others remained hunter-gatherers or horticulturalists.

舉例邏輯

舉例是把一類事物落實到具體的事物上，常見于推斷題。例如： 

我喜歡打游戲，比如荒野行動。

可推出“荒野行動是游戲”以及“我喜歡荒野行動”。 

like

Consequently, the timing and rhythms of biological functions must closely match periodic events like the solar day, the tides, the lunar cycle, and the seasons.

such as

The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in advertising. 

以上就是為大家?guī)�來�?span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">邏輯關(guān)系的辨別思路，希望對大家有所幫助。并沒有大家想象的那么難，我們要學(xué)會以不變應(yīng)萬變，關(guān)鍵是掌握閱讀文章的正確套路，在不斷練習(xí)中學(xué)會總結(jié)，相信閱讀水平一定會大有長進！

看完這些假如你還有疑問，不妨點擊下面圖標，與在線教師單獨溝通↓↓

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