托福TPO40聽力Lecture真題解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福聽力備考中，想要快速提升自己的托福聽力能力，選擇好適合的練習材料是個非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO40聽力Lecture真題解析。

托福TPO40聽力Lecture1  【在線咨詢】

1. What point does the professor make about the writing of a formal analysis in art history?
a. Its objective is to identify common features of several works of art.
b. Its most important part is the explanation of an artwork's significance.
c. Several styles of writing a formal analysis are used by art historians.
d. A particular approach is required to present Information about an artwork.
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：formal analysis in art history

解析：(從第22秒開始，原文重現：I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about, so your next step in this process needs to be, to go look at the work you selected as your topic, and bring a pencil and a notepad with you, because I don’t mean you should just drop by at the museum, and glance at it, so you can say you see it in real life, you need to go and sit in front of the work, and really look at it, carefully, slowly, and keep careful notes about what you see, you need them for the kind of art history paper you are going to be writing, it’s what we call a formal analysis. A formal analysis of a work of art, any kind of art, is based on its formal qualities, which means qualities related to the form, things like color, texture, line, shapes, proportion, and composition.)
教授在開篇就對formal analysis進行了介紹，它是用一種特殊的方式用來呈現一件藝術品的信息，比如需要基于它的一些屬性，如顏色，質地，線條，形狀，比例，組成等等，所以D選項正確。

2. According to the professor, what will students need to do before writing the art history paper?
a. Look at examples of formal analysis in textbooks
b. Take notes on the artwork they will write about
c. Go to different museums before selecting a topic for the paper
d. Study the historical context of the artwork they will write about
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：before writing the art history paper

解析：(從第41秒開始，原文重現：you need to go and sit in front of the work, and really look at it, carefully, slowly, and keep careful notes about what you see)
所以B選項正確，需要仔細的對藝術品進行記錄。

3. Why does the professor mention an English class?
a. To explain the difference between visual language and written language
b. To explain that students need good writing skills for their assignment
c. To point out similarities between a poetry paper and the students' assignment
d. To point out that many art historians become writers
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：an English class

解析：(從第1分32秒開始，原文重現：A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.)
由此可見，作者之所以提及英語課，是因為寫analysis poem和寫藝術歷史的analysis paper之間是很類似的，所以C選項正確。

4. What does the professor recommend as a way to understand the relationship between different parts of an artwork?
a. Looking for lines that connect different parts of the work
b. Examining the artwork from several different angles
c. Looking for similar colors the artist used throughout the work
d. Determining how the viewer's eyes move around the work
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：the relationship between different parts of an artwork

解析：(從第2分44秒開始，原文重現：And if you don’t know where to begin, take note of where your eye goes first. Then describe things in the order in which your eye moves around the work.)
根據原文，教授說如果不知道從何入手，那么可以首先記錄一下自己的眼睛第一眼會看哪里，然后根據眼睛移動的順序來對藝術品進行描述，所以D選項正確。

5. Why does the professor talk about his own experience analyzing the painting of a little boy?
a. To point out a common misconception about formal analysis
b. To stress the importance of looking at an artwork thoroughly
c. To show why a formal analysis should not emphasize small details
d. To provide an example of an artwork that is easy to analyze
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：own experience, a little boy

解析：(從第3分33秒開始，原文重現：In the painting, the little boy was standing in his nursery, and he was holding a toy bird in his hand, and there were more toys around him in the background of the painting, because of the bird he was holding, I assumed at first that the painting was about the innocence of children, but as I looked the painting longer, I realized that the boy’s eyes look sad, even though there was no discern of the expression on his face, and then it domed on me that even though he was surround by toys, he was all alone in his nursery, the boy’s eyes were significant detail in the painting that I didn’t notice at first. )
根據原文，教授說剛開始看時，以為這幅畫只是在講孩子的無辜，但是仔細看后，發(fā)現是在講這個孩子的孤獨，所以B選項正確，教授想要強調仔細徹底的看一幅畫的重要性。

6. The professor describes three sections the art history paper should contain. Place them in the order in which they should appear in the paper.
Click on a phrase. Then drag it to the space where it belongs.
1.
2.
3.
Answer Choices
a.Analysis of the design elements the artist uses
b.Discussion of the meaning of the artwork
c.Summary of the appearance of the artwork
答案：C, A, B
破題關鍵詞匯：the art history paper should contain, in the order

解析：(從第2分01秒開始，原文重現：This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analysis it. )
根據原文可知C 選項的把藝術品的外觀總結呈現給大家，是排在第一位的，然后是再進一步的A選項的對藝術品的設計元素進行分析，最后是B選項的對藝術品的含義進行討論。

托福TPO40聽力Lecture2  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the discussion mainly about?
a. Results of privatization in the cod-fishing industry
b. Laws that regulate the cod-fishing industry
c. A recent study on cod-fishing techniques
d. Problems related to the overfishing of cod
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：mainly about

解析：(從第45秒開始，原文重現：There were simply too many fishing vessels, sophisticated vessels.)
由此可知本文將圍繞鱈魚的過度捕撈展開敘述，因此D選項正確。

2. Why does the professor compare Cape Cod to Newfoundland?
a. To explain how some of Cape Cod’s waters first became privatized
b. To illustrate the enormous size of Cape Cod’s seventeenth-century cod population
c. To explain why large-scale cod fishing began later in Cape Cod than elsewhere
d. To highlight the results of two different evolutionary pressures on cod
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：compare to

解析：(從第14秒開始，原文重現：The area was named Cape Cod because there were so many cod fish in the water just off its shores. So many that the first Europeans who fish there in the seventeenth century reported it was better than Newfoundland Canada.)
由此可知教授之所以將科德角和紐芬蘭進行對比，是為了突出科德角的鱈魚數量非常多。所以B選項正確。

3. What change did scientists notice around Cape Cod after the 1940s?
a. The amount of pollutants dumped into the ocean increased dramatically.
b. Trawling ships violated fishing regulations more often.
c. The cod population's diet became less diverse.
d. Cod began to mature at a younger age.
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：after the 1940s

解析：(從第1分45秒開始，原文重現：biologists noticed that around Cape Cod, the cod were beginning to mature at an earlier age than normal.)
由此可知D選項為同義替換，生物學家觀察到鱈魚開始在更早的年齡發(fā)育成熟。

4. What point does the professor make about reproduction among small cod fish as compared to larger cod fish?
a. Eggs produced by smaller cod are less likely to survive.
b. Smaller cod produce fewer eggs.
c. The offspring of smaller cod do not live as long
d. Smaller cod produce eggs fewer times per year
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：reproduction

解析：(從第2分36秒開始，原文重現：And when you’re a small cod reproducing, you produce fewer eggs than a large cod.)
由此可知B選項正確，相比較于大的鱈魚，小的鱈魚在繁殖時會排出更少的卵。

5. What is the professor's opinion of privatization for the management of an environmental resource?
a. Privatization is an imperfect tool.
b. Privatization should be tried more often.
c. Privatization usually results in political conflicts.
d. Privatization usually results in the best outcome.
答案：A
破題關鍵詞匯：privatization

解析：(從第3分16秒開始，原文重現：Ok, but the problem is, privatization doesn't necessarily resolve in better management of an environmental resource.)
由此可知私有化并不能有效的解決環(huán)境資源的管理問題。所以A選項正確。

6. According to the professor, what was the result of the 200-mile exclusive economic zone declared by the United States and Canada?
a. The cod population moved further out to sea.
b. The cod population began to recover.
c. More trawlers began fishing around Cape Cod.
d. Penalties for overfishing were toughened.
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：result , 200-mile exclusive economic zone

解析：(從第4分31秒開始，原文重現：The total number of fishing trawlers actually increased.)
由此可知在美國和加拿大宣布了200海里專屬經濟區(qū)之后，漁船數量反而增多了。所以C選項正確。

托福TPO40聽力Lecture3  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
a. To argue that carbon emissions today are not the only factor responsible for global warming
b. To provide evidence that rates of global carbon emissions fluctuate over time
c. To show the importance of distinguishing between different types of carbon emissions
d. To describe different ways carbon is removed from the atmosphere
答案： C
破題關鍵詞匯：purpose

解析：(從第54秒開始，原文重現：So we are gonna focus today on the difference between good, bad and well the not so bad, the potentially OK carbon burning.)
教授說今天將會主要研究有利碳燃燒，無利碳燃燒，潛在有利碳燃燒之間的區(qū)別，所以C選項正確。

2. What aspects of outer space does the professor emphasize?
Click on 2 answers.
a. Its vastness
b. Its cold temperatures
c. The absence of life there
d. Its role as the ultimate source of energy on Earth
答案： B, C
破題關鍵詞匯：outer space

解析：(從第1分50秒開始，原文重現：Because without carbon and other greenhouse gases, our planet will be the same temperature as outer space, around four degrees above absolute zero. And there’s nothing going on at that temperature, no possibility of life of any sort.)
教授說如果沒有碳或者其他溫室氣體，我們的星球就會和外太空有著一樣的溫度，在絕對零度之上四度左右，所以B選項正確。也不會有其他的生命體，所以C選項正確。

3. According to the professor, how do the oceans remove carbon from the atmosphere?
Click on 2 answers.
a. By dissolving it
b. Through a process of condensation and precipitation
c. By storing the remains of marine animals
d. Through the regulation of air temperatures
答案： A, C
破題關鍵詞匯：oceans remove carbon

解析：(從第2分24秒開始，原文重現：Also, it dissolves in the oceans. Or get stored, deep in the ocean. You have shellfish that use the CO2 dissolve in the water to make carbon in shells, and when they die, they fall to the ocean floor.)
根據原文，海洋移除二氧化碳的方式有兩種，一種是使其溶解，即A選項。另外一種是被貝類生物儲存在其貝殼中，即C選項。

4. Why does the professor mention mining?
a. To explain why the price of fossil fuels is continually rising
b. To explain how certain fuel sources can be recovered from the ocean floor
c. To explain why coal and oil are more difficult to obtain than natural gas
d. To explain why fossil fuels contribute to an excess of carbon in the atmosphere
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯：mining

解析：(從第3分06秒開始，原文重現：These substances are all mine. We have to dig them up or drill a well to release them. And this is carbon that was in the atmosphere millions of years ago. So what happens is when we burn this carbon, ok it doesn’t really release a whole lot compare to the amount that’s already there in the atmosphere, but it adds to the pool. And over year, it accumulates.)
根據原文，教授之所以提及礦業(yè)，是為了解釋這些化石燃料是怎樣加劇大氣中的碳含量的，所以 C選項正確。

5. What does the professor mean when he refers to biomass carbon as "current carbon"?
a. It is the fuel source most widely approved by environmentalists today.
b. It is part of a balanced system of carbon emission and absorption.
c. It is circulated throughout the oceans by the movement of ocean water.
d. It readily combines with other carbon molecules to produce long chains.
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：current carbon

解析：(從第4分10秒開始，原文重現：Biomass carbon is what we might call current carbon. It’s always going in and out of the atmosphere. So if we burn one of these fuels, we are putting its carbon into the atmosphere right? But in a balanced system somewhere else in the world the same amount of carbon is going back. It gets taking in by growing vegetation.)
根據原文，教授提及current carbon的意思是說在一個平衡的系統(tǒng)中，釋放出的碳含量和被吸收的碳含量其實是相同的，所以 B選項正確。

6. Why does the professor say this
a. To let students know that the term “greenhouse effect” will be tested
b. To indicate that the definition of “greenhouse effect” will be discussed
c. To suggest that his previous definition of “greenhouse effect” was imprecise
d. To acknowledge that there is controversy surrounding the use of the term “greenhouse effect”
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：But let’s make sure anyway.

解析：(從第14秒開始，原文重現：Everyone knows what that is, right? But let’s make sure anyway.)
教授說But let’s make sure anyway的意思就是暗示學生，接下來會把之前說的溫室效應這個概念再介紹一遍，所以 B選項正確。

托福TPO40聽力Lecture4  【在線咨詢】

1. What issue does the professor mainly discuss?
a. Government purchases of private property to expand transportation routes
b. The rising cost of public transportation in the United States
c. The transfer of certain public assets to for-profit companies
d. Whether voters can be persuaded to approve toll increases
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：mainly discuss

解析：(從第19秒開始，原文重現：Now, traditionally, much of the society’s infrastructure particularly the transportation infrastructure has been owned in operated by states, by governments. But lately, local and state governments have started to consider and sometimes actually enter into various deals to privatize parts of their infrastructure. Particularly in the transportation sector. )
由此可知lecture的內容將圍繞公共資產從公有化到私有化的轉變，尤其是交通方面，所以 B選項正確。

2. Why does the professor mention highway construction that took place during the 1950s and 1960s?
a. To point out changes in voter attitudes toward toll and tax increases
b. To suggest that mistakes were made when the highway system was built
c. To explain why traffic congestion is not as bad as it used to be
d. To make a point about the current need for infrastructure repairs
答案：D
破題關鍵詞匯： highway construction, during the 1950s and 1960s

解析：(從第1分鐘開始，原文重現：But these facilities are getting old now and they’re becoming more and more expensive to maintain, very expensive actually. Tolls and tax revenues don’t often cover all the needed repairs. )
由此可知這些基礎設施已經越來越舊了，但是維修費用卻越來越貴，通行費和稅收已經不夠支付所需的維修費用了，所以 D選項正確。

3. According to the professor, why do governments consider selling or leasing pieces of infrastructure?
Click on 2 answers.
a. Governments often have difficulty balancing their general budgets.
b. The money that governments receive from user fees has gone down in recent years
c. Political considerations limit governments’ ability to raise money for maintenance.
d. Private companies are better able to estimate the cost of infrastructure repairs.
答案：A, C
破題關鍵詞匯：selling or leasing

解析：(從第2分08秒開始，原文重現：Since they’re not government entities, private companies face less political resistance, say to raising tolls in order to provide that better service. But besides that, there’s another reason governments like these deals. States often have troubles paying their bills, and they can use money they get from selling or leasing a piece of infrastructure to balance their budget.)
由此可知政府愿意變賣或者租賃基礎設施的原因有兩個，一是，由于它們不屬于政府財產，私企就會面臨較少的政治阻力，它們可以提高通行費來對其進行維修等，對應C選項。二是，國家也經常面臨赤字，所以變賣或者租賃基礎設施也可以使其財政支出平衡，
對應A選項。

4. What does the professor imply about some people s concerns over privatizing parts of an infrastructure?
a. Their concerns are likely to diminish in the future.
b. Their concerns are completely justified.
c. Their concerns suggest that voters need better information.
d. Their concerns have mostly been disregarded by governments.
答案：B
破題關鍵詞匯：imply, privatizing parts

解析：(從第2分41秒開始，原文重現：For instance, in almost every case this far, the first thing private company’s do, is drastically raise user fees because they say, oh we must do critical maintenance that’s gone undone for years and years, and because we are private company, we can’t use tax money to do it, our only option is raising tolls.)
由此可知人們的擔心是完全有必要的，因為這些私企會馬上增收通行費美其名曰為基礎設施做維修，所以B選項正確。

5. What does the professor imply about secondary roads?
a. Their availability tends to limit toll increases on major highways.
b. They can be more expensive to repair than major highways are.
c. Increasing numbers of them are becoming toll roads.
d. Commuters are attracted to them for their scenic qualities.
答案：A
破題關鍵詞匯：imply, secondary roads

解析：(從第3分42秒開始，原文重現：So market forces do play a role in keeping private companies from raising their tolls too much.)
所以這些次要道路的作用就是為了防止私企過度提高通行費，因為當通行費太高時，人們就會轉而選擇這些secondary roads，所以A選項正確。

6. According to the professor, what is likely to happen when a bridge provides steady revenue for a private company?
a. The bridge will be well maintained in the long term.
b. The company will not raise tolls.
c. Other companies will be interested in buying the bridge.
d. Voters will pressure the government to buy back the bridge.
答案：C
破題關鍵詞匯：provides steady revenue, a private company

解析：(從第4分05秒開始，原文重現：If a company buys a or gets a long term lease on a toll bridge from the government, it’s got an almost guaranteed steady source of revenue for years and years, which means that if a company decides that it wants to sell the bridge to another company, say ten years from now, it’ll have no problem finding a buyer.)
根據原文可知，如果一個公司從政府處購買或者得到收費橋的長期租約，每年就會有一個很穩(wěn)定的稅收源，也就是說，如果這個公司想把這個收費橋賣給其他公司，是不難找到買家的，所以C選項正確。

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