TPO48綜合寫作詳細(xì)分析

一、閱讀文本詳解：

In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.

First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.

A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including anti-fungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.

Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.

之前閱讀過新通外語新TPO綜合寫作詳解的同學(xué)們一定知道，我會(huì)把重點(diǎn)信息標(biāo)紅方便同學(xué)們閱讀理解，本次TPO48詳解也遵循這一個(gè)習(xí)慣方式，標(biāo)紅了閱讀中的重點(diǎn)信息，下面我們講解一下閱讀的主要內(nèi)容。

閱讀的整篇文章圍繞青蛙物種在世界范圍內(nèi)數(shù)量消減展開的，主要列舉了三方面的方法去解決青蛙數(shù)量減少。

1、立法禁止有害農(nóng)藥在瀕危青蛙（所在范圍）中的使用，會(huì)極大的改變（青蛙）減少的情況。禁止使用的原因是農(nóng)藥進(jìn)入到青蛙的身體后影響神經(jīng)并導(dǎo)致呼吸問題。

2、大范圍的推廣一種治療真菌的方法（投入反真菌藥物和加熱治療法）可以保護(hù)瀕危的青蛙。推廣治療的原因是有一種世界范圍的真菌傳染使得青蛙在感染后會(huì)造成皮膚增厚導(dǎo)致其無法吸水而脫水而死。

3、通過控制人類活動(dòng)（避免過渡用水和濕地開發(fā)）來保護(hù)青蛙的棲息地--濕地。濕地是青蛙用于產(chǎn)卵繁衍的地方，但是人們對諸如湖泊和沼澤地的過渡使用造成濕地減少使得青蛙無法生存。

二、聽力文本詳解：

None of the methods proposed in the reading offers a practical solution for slowing down the decline in frog populations. There are problems with each of the methods you read about.

First, seriously reducing pesticides in agriculture areas with threatened frog populations is not economically practical or fair. Farmers rely on pesticides to decrease crop losses and stay competitive in the market. If farmers in areas that are close to endangered frog populations have to follow strict regulations regarding pesticide use, then those farmers would be in a severe disadvantage compare to farmers in other areas. They would likely lose more crops and have a lower yield than competing farms.

Second, the new treatment against the skin fungus you read about. Let me explain a couple of problems with this plan. The treatments must be applied individually to each frog and so using them in a large scale is extremely difficult. It requires capturing and treating each individual frog in a population. Moreover, the treatments do not prevent the frogs from passing the fungus onto their offspring. So the treatment would have to be applied again and again to each new generation of frogs. So applying these treatments would be incredibly complicated and expensive.

Third, while it’s a good idea to protect lakes and marshes from excessive water use and development that will not save frog populations. You see, water use and development are not the biggest threats to water and wetland habitats. The real threat is global warming. In recent decades, global warming has contributed to the disappearance of many water and wetland habitats causing entire species to go extinct. Prohibiting humans from using water or building new frog habitats is unlikely to prevent the ongoing habitat changes of cost by global warming.

以上是新通外語西安分校的田嬌老師聽寫出的獨(dú)家TPO48綜合寫作的參考文本，下面給大家詳細(xì)分析一下聽力內(nèi)容是如何對應(yīng)去反駁閱讀的觀點(diǎn)的。

整體上來看，聽力認(rèn)為閱讀提供的所有方法都有衍生問題以致于并不能很好的解決青蛙減少的問題。

1、禁止使用農(nóng)藥會(huì)讓農(nóng)民失去市場競爭力，因?yàn)檗r(nóng)民依賴于農(nóng)藥去保證農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)值，如果為了保護(hù)青蛙不用農(nóng)藥，那么這些農(nóng)民會(huì)損失更多的農(nóng)作物并在市場上因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)值低而不具備競爭力。

2、廣泛推廣治療也是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，因?yàn)檫@種治療是在一個(gè)一個(gè)的青蛙個(gè)體上去實(shí)施的，這種針對每個(gè)青蛙的個(gè)體治療大范圍的推廣首先不太現(xiàn)實(shí)；其次這個(gè)治療不能組織真菌在第二代青蛙身上的傳播，所以還要針對每一代的青蛙去實(shí)施治療，這使得這種治療在操作起來幾近不可能且（治療成本）非常昂貴。

3、雖然保護(hù)濕地是一個(gè)正確的想法，但是濕地流失的最大原因并不是人類活動(dòng)而是全球變暖造成的。全球變暖是的很多濕地消失物種滅絕，這絕對不是阻止和減少人類活動(dòng)可以改變的問題。

以上是TPO48的詳細(xì)分析，同學(xué)們?nèi)绻�有興趣的話可以在全面理解的基礎(chǔ)上落筆寫一下這篇綜合寫作，可以聯(lián)系各自在新通的課程顧問或者撥打400-618-0272來免費(fèi)修改。同時(shí)在托福學(xué)習(xí)和寫作單項(xiàng)上有任何問題，也歡迎大家及時(shí)聯(lián)系我們哦！

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