托福TPO44聽(tīng)力Lecture真題解析

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫(xiě)字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過(guò)往真題，而TPO題庫(kù)也是有著不斷的更新。在托福聽(tīng)力備考中，想要快速提升自己的托福聽(tīng)力能力，選擇好適合的練習(xí)材料是個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對(duì)于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，TPO往往就是一個(gè)首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)��?lái)托福TPO44聽(tīng)力Lecture真題解析。

托福TPO44聽(tīng)力Lecture1  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture? 【內(nèi)容主旨題】
A. To provide an example of a practical use of nanotechnology.
B. To show the origins of the field of nanotechnology.
C. To give a brief outline of the main concepts of nanotechnology.
D. To explain the growing interest in nanotechnology research.
答案：A

解析：(從20秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：So, I want to talk about how nanotechnology is being used today. And just to give you an idea, we’ll look at one particular application.)
教授提到要探討納米技術(shù)如今是如何被運(yùn)用的，并通過(guò)一個(gè)特別的運(yùn)用來(lái)了解。
選項(xiàng)A的an example of a practical use與原文意思一致，通過(guò)例子來(lái)解釋納米技術(shù)的運(yùn)用，故選項(xiàng)正確; B未提及納米技術(shù)的起源origins; C的a brief outline一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的概述在原文中未被提及;D的growing interest逐漸增長(zhǎng)的興趣在原文中也未被提及。

2. How does the professor organize the information he presents to the class? 【組織結(jié)構(gòu)題】
A. He describes the inspiration behind the nanocoating, then how the coating works.
B. He describes how the nanocoating is currently marketed, then the inspiration behind it.
C. He explains how fogging occurs, then the basic concepts of nanotechnology.
D. He explains how fogging occurs, then how the nanocoating prevents it.
答案：D

解析：(從54秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：Now, fogging often occurs when a cold surface comes into contact with warm moist air, such as when a glass shower door or mirror fogs up during a warm shower.
Now, what's actually happening is, what the fog is, is thousands of tiny spherical water droplets condensing on the surface of the glass. Light hits the water droplets and is scattered in random directions, causing the fogging effect.
Now, the kind of spray-on treatments I mentioned. Well, they wear off. What happens is they cause the tiny water droplets to flatten when they condense on the surface of the shower door or bathroom mirror or whatever object it is, it's been applied to.)
教授講了霧化發(fā)生的條件并解釋了什么是霧化，并提出了防止霧化的方法。
選項(xiàng)A中納米涂層的啟發(fā)未被提及;選項(xiàng)B納米涂層是如何被推廣的在原文中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)C前半句的霧化是怎么形成的和原文結(jié)構(gòu)一致，后半句講的納米技術(shù)的基本概念并未被提及;選項(xiàng)D教授解釋了霧化是如何發(fā)生的接著講了納米涂層是如何防止它的，與原文的結(jié)構(gòu)一致，選項(xiàng)正確。

3. According to the professor, how does the new nanocoating work? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. By forcing light to bounce off a glass-coated polymer.
B. By forcing water droplets to roll off an ultrathin surface.
C. By causing water droplets to merge into a single sheet of water.
D. By causing light to scatter randomly in many directions.
答案：C
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：new nanocoating

解析：(從2:34秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： The coating prevents fog from developing, because it loves water. It attracts the water droplets, sucking them into the tiny pores. And that alters the shape of the droplets. The droplets are forced to flatten and to join together into a single sheet of water, rather than remaining as single droplets, each of which is a sphere that scatters light in different directions.)
原文里教授講涂層是如何防止霧化發(fā)展的。選項(xiàng)A的light在原文的細(xì)節(jié)中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)B的迫使水滴從極薄的表面滾落，原文的細(xì)節(jié)是水滴被壓平并聚集成一片水，選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)C使水滴聚集成一片獨(dú)立的水，與原文細(xì)節(jié)一致;選項(xiàng)D中提到light隨機(jī)散射在不同的方向，選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4. According to the information in the lecture, why does the new nanocoating not last as long on plastic as it does on glass? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. Plastic cannot withstand extremely high temperatures.
B. The internal structure of plastic repels a positively charged polymer.
C. The coating solution scatters when it comes into contact with plastic.
D. Plastic surfaces scratch more easily than glass surfaces do.
答案：A
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：not last on plastic, glass

解析： (從3:29秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： But that's possible only on materials that can withstand high heat. Glass? Yes. Plastics? No. But they’re working on solving that problem, trying to come up with a way to coat plastics and other materials, durably and effectively.)
教授講到材料要能耐高溫，并提到玻璃是可以的，塑料是不可以的。選項(xiàng)A明確提到塑料不能耐極高的溫度，與原文一致;選項(xiàng)B并未講到塑料內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)C當(dāng)接觸到塑料涂層解決方案分散了，在原文中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)D比起玻璃表面，塑料表層更容易刮擦，原文并未對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較。

5. What inspired the team of scientists in developing the new coating? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. A problem the team frequently encountered in everyday life.
B. The ineffectiveness of spray solutions in flattening water droplets.
C. The leaves of a plant that the team had been investigating.
D. Interactions observed between silica nanoparticles and polymers.
答案：C
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：scientists

解析： (從3:47秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Interestingly, it was a plant, the lotus plant that inspired this work. I guess you could say inspired it in an indirect sort of way. The leaves of this plant are what we call superhydrophobic. Lotus leaves, being superhydrophobic, don't attract water. They repel it, in a big way. When raindrops fall on lotus leaves, they remain spherical. They roll right off.)
教授提到是蓮花這種植物用間接的方式啟發(fā)了他們的工作。選項(xiàng)A科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)在每天的生活中碰到的一個(gè)問(wèn)題，在原文這并沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié);選項(xiàng)B中的spray solutions噴霧液并沒(méi)有被提及;選項(xiàng)C科學(xué)家土堆一直在研究的植物的葉子，與原文講的蓮花這個(gè)植物的葉子細(xì)節(jié)一致，選項(xiàng)正確;選項(xiàng)D中的silica二氧化硅和polymers聚合物之間的反應(yīng)在原文中并未被提及。

6. What is the professor's opinion about the approach inventors took to the development of the new nanocoating? 【態(tài)度題】
A. He thinks other inventors should use a similar approach.
B. He is impressed by the flexibility of their approach.
C. He is surprised the research process took so long.
D. He thinks they should have spent more time testing a superhydrophobic coating.
答案：B
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：new

解析： (從4:17秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： So for a long time, the Massachusetts scientists tried to create a coating that acted like these lotus leaves, a coating that was superhydrophobic. But then they began to think about the opposite extreme. Could they accomplish their goal by making a coating that, instead of repelling water, actually, attracted water?)
教授講很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D發(fā)明一種涂層像蓮花的葉子一樣疏水，但接著他們開(kāi)始考慮相反的極端，就是吸水的涂層。選項(xiàng)A提到的是別的發(fā)明者應(yīng)當(dāng)用一個(gè)相似的方法，與原文相悖;選項(xiàng)B教授對(duì)他們靈活的方法印象深刻，與原文中提到的兩種相反的靈活方法意思一致;選項(xiàng)C教授并未對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的研究過(guò)程感到驚訝;選項(xiàng)D在原文中教授并未提及對(duì)測(cè)試超疏水的涂層多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

托福TPO44聽(tīng)力Lecture2     【在線咨詢】

1. What is the lecture mainly about? 【內(nèi)容主旨題】
A. The dramatic structure of an ancient Greek play.
B. The influence of ancient Greek theater design on modern theaters.
C. The design of ancient Greek theaters.
D. The role of plays in ancient Greek society.
答案：C

解析： (從5秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Now, throughout the history of drama, there has been a, well, a relationship between the structure of a play, and the structure of the space where the play was performed. And this goes all the way back to the ancient Greeks.)
教授開(kāi)篇指出在整個(gè)戲劇的歷史長(zhǎng)河中，在劇本的結(jié)構(gòu)和戲劇被表演的空間結(jié)構(gòu)之間是有關(guān)系的，這要追溯到古希臘時(shí)期。選項(xiàng)A講的是古希臘的戲劇結(jié)構(gòu)，與原文主旨不符;選項(xiàng)B古希臘劇院的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)現(xiàn)代劇院的影響，在原文開(kāi)篇的主旨中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)C古希臘劇院的設(shè)計(jì)，與原文相符;選項(xiàng)D戲劇在古希臘社會(huì)中起到的作用，在開(kāi)篇并未被提及。

2. What were two purposes served by the skene? Click on 2 answers.【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A It provided extra seating for the audience.
B It served as the location for the play’s action.
C It was used to store items needed for the play.
D It was where the chorus performed.
答案：BC
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：Skene

解析： (從1:13秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Um, so, anyway, the skene started as a simple wooden platform, but eventually became much more elaborate. The front wall of the building was decorated like a palace, or a temple, and served as background scenery for the play. The building was also a storage place for costumes, props, things like that.)
原文中提到skene從簡(jiǎn)單的木舞臺(tái)發(fā)展成精心制作的舞臺(tái)，被當(dāng)作表演背景，同時(shí)也是儲(chǔ)藏演出服、道具的場(chǎng)地。選項(xiàng)A中給觀眾額外的座位extra seating，完全錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)B作為表演的場(chǎng)地，與原文一致;選項(xiàng)C它被用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存演出物品，與原文細(xì)節(jié)相符;選項(xiàng)D是合唱團(tuán)chorus表演的地方，在原文中并未被提及。

3. Why is the play Hippolytus discussed? 【組織結(jié)構(gòu)題】
A. To give an example of a strategy used by ancient Greek playwrights.
B. To give an example of how animals were used in ancient Greek plays.
C. To identify the first use of a messenger in an ancient Greek play.
D. To point out that ancient Greek plays typically involved tragic events.
答案：A
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：Hippolytus

解析： (從1:55秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：Professor: Some events couldn't be presented convincingly, so the playwrights had them take place somewhere off stage, where the audience couldn't see them. And then news of the event would be reported by one of the characters. Diane?
Student: Last summer, I saw... Hippolytus.)
原文中教授先說(shuō)一些事件不能讓人信服地所呈現(xiàn)，所以劇作家沒(méi)有讓其發(fā)生在舞臺(tái)上，觀眾們就看不到它們，接著學(xué)生根據(jù)教授的問(wèn)題提到了Hippolytus來(lái)印證。選項(xiàng)A通過(guò)故希臘劇作家的一個(gè)策略的來(lái)例證，與原文用意相符;選項(xiàng)B為了給出在古希臘戲劇中動(dòng)物是如何被表現(xiàn)的例子，與原文用意不符;選項(xiàng)C中的first use of a messenger在原文中沒(méi)有被提到;選項(xiàng)D的涉及tragic events悲劇的細(xì)節(jié)在原文中并未被提及。

4. What point does the professor make about the chorus in ancient Greek plays? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. It performed only at the beginning of the play.
B. It interpreted what was happening on the stage.
C. It did relatively little singing and dancing.
D. it was less important than it is in modern plays.
答案：B
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：chorus

解析： (從2:49秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Um, in ancient Greek, the word orchestra actually meant the dancing place, because this is where the chorus danced and sang.)
原文提到在古希臘orchestra事實(shí)上意為跳舞的地方，因?yàn)檫@是chorus跳舞和唱歌的地方。選項(xiàng)A中chorus只在戲劇的開(kāi)頭表演，這在原文中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)B中解釋了在舞臺(tái)上發(fā)生了什么，與原文中提到的是唱歌和跳舞的地方意思相符;選項(xiàng)C與唱歌和跳舞沒(méi)太大關(guān)系，顯然與原文意思相悖;選項(xiàng)D中并沒(méi)有提到古希臘的chorus沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代重要。

5. How did Aristotle view the chorus? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. As the author of the play.
B. As a distraction from the story.
C. As a messenger reporting news.
D. As a character in the play.
答案：D
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：Aristotle

解析： (從3:19秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Professor: In fact, Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, thought the chorus should be considered as acting out a role in the play.
Student: Yeah, I read that a chorus could have a distinct personality, just like a person.)
教授講古希臘哲學(xué)家Aristotle亞里士多德認(rèn)為chorus合唱團(tuán)應(yīng)該被視為在句中扮演一個(gè)角色，接著學(xué)生肯定他所了解一個(gè)合唱團(tuán)可以有一個(gè)鮮明的個(gè)性就像一個(gè)人。選項(xiàng)A中作為戲劇的作者，原文中Aristotle并沒(méi)有把chorus當(dāng)成作者;選項(xiàng)B中分散故事注意力，原文中并未提及;選項(xiàng)C作為報(bào)道新聞的傳遞者，在原文中無(wú)處可尋;選項(xiàng)D作為戲劇中的一個(gè)角色，與原文Aristotle的想法一致。

6. Why does the professor say this: 【重聽(tīng)題】
A. To emphasize the popularity of plays in ancient Greece.
B. To praise the creativity of the ancient Greeks.
C. To point out that every seat in an ancient Greek theater had a clear view of the stage.
D. To suggest that audiences in ancient Greece could hear plays better than they could see them.
答案：D

解析： (從4:01秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：The shape of the bowl captured sound and funneled it upwards so that even in the top rows, spectators were able to hear the performers very clearly.
Actually, that the name theatron means seeing place is kind of ironic. Some theaters had fifty or more rows of seats accommodating up to 14,000 spectators, ascending way up the hillside, and this was long before theater binoculars were invented.)
重聽(tīng)部分講到一些影院有50排或更多的座位可容納高達(dá)14,000的觀眾，以山坡的形式向上傾斜，并且這是在望眼鏡被發(fā)明之前就有。選項(xiàng)A中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)古希臘戲劇的流行，與原文意思不符;選項(xiàng)B為了贊揚(yáng)古希臘人的創(chuàng)意，與原文不符;選項(xiàng)C為了指出在古希臘的劇院中每個(gè)座位看舞臺(tái)都有一個(gè)清晰的視野，只是原文的其中一個(gè)用意;選項(xiàng)D為了表明比起看來(lái)說(shuō)，古希臘的觀眾可以更好地聽(tīng)到戲劇的聲音，與原文前面spectators were able to hear the performers very clearly所呼應(yīng)。

托福TPO44聽(tīng)力Lecture3  【在線咨詢】

1. What is the lecture mainly about? 【內(nèi)容主旨題】
A. The spread of early agricultural methods from New Guinea to other cultures.
B. Differences in the types of crops grown in early centers of agriculture.
C. Evidence supporting the theory that agriculture developed independently in New Guinea.
D. Techniques used by researchers to identify farming methods in the earliest centers of agriculture.
答案：C

解析： (從30秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：Now, for many years archaeologists have speculated that agriculture also arose independently in another center, too—New Guinea, which is just north of Australia, in the South Pacific Ocean. You can see it on this map.)
教授開(kāi)篇指出之前講的早期文明是如何發(fā)展的，接著提出考古學(xué)家推測(cè)農(nóng)業(yè)也在其他地方獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)New Guinea,在澳洲的北部，南太平洋，接下去都是圍繞著此觀點(diǎn)展開(kāi)。選項(xiàng)A中early agriculture methods早期的農(nóng)耕方式是之前討論的;選項(xiàng)B作物生長(zhǎng)方式的不同在原文中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)C用證據(jù)證明農(nóng)業(yè)獨(dú)立在New Guinea發(fā)展的理論，與原文意思相符;選項(xiàng)D中farming methods在原文中并未被提及。

2. According to the professor, why was the archaeological evidence found in New Guinea during the 1960s and 1970s inconclusive? Click on 2 answers. 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A Construction of agricultural drainage ditches had damaged much of the archaeological evidence.
B Plant remains were not well preserved in the climate of New Guinea.
C Ancient types of domestic plants were no longer grown by modern farmers.
D It was unclear whether evidence of early deforestation suggested planting or hunting.
答案：BD
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：1960S and 1970s, inconclusive

解析： (從1:05秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：Then in the 1960s and 70s, research was conducted at sites in New Guinea to explore the possibility of independent agricultural development. But unfortunately, the evidence gathered at that time was inconclusive.
For instance, although evidence was found of deforestation, you know, cutting down trees, from at least 7,000 years ago, that is long before we'd thought previously. It was unclear whether the forest had been cleared by farmers to plant fields, or by hunter- gatherers, so they could hunt more easily. And many plant remains like seeds and fruits don't preserve well in swampy soils, in humid environments like you often find in New Guinea. So really, the proof was limited.)
通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞很容易可以定位答案出現(xiàn)的位置，通過(guò)For instance, 可知早期的森林退化，不確定是否被農(nóng)戶或狩獵者清理，并且很多保存的種子和果實(shí)在濕地里不能很好的保存。選項(xiàng)A中的drainage ditches排水溝在原文中并沒(méi)有被提及;選項(xiàng)B由于New Guinea的氣候作物不會(huì)很好的保存，與原文的細(xì)節(jié)一致;選項(xiàng)C中的古代domestic plants當(dāng)?shù)刈魑锏姆N類不在被如今的農(nóng)戶所種植，原文中并未提及此細(xì)節(jié);選項(xiàng)D不確定是否早期的森林退化會(huì)顯示種植或狩獵，與原文細(xì)節(jié)信息一致。

3. Why does the professor talk about layers of soil? 【組織結(jié)構(gòu)題】
A. To show how phases of agricultural development were linked to evidence of population growth. B. To describe how researchers identified several phases of agricultural development in New Guinea.
C. To illustrate how swampy conditions cause archaeological remains to deteriorate.
D. To describe one of the methods of farming used at Kuk.
答案：B
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：layers of soil

解析： (從2:10秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：Based on their findings, they identified a succession of phases of agricultural development in the wetlands there, with several of these phases predating the earliest known agricultural influence from Southeast Asia. At the site in Kuk, they used an array of modern archaeological methods to analyze sediment samples from the soil…The second phase, which they identify from a higher layer of soil, featured regularly distributed mounds…And in the layers from Kuk's third phase, they found evidence of an extensive network of ditches and drainage channels, indicating a further refinement of wetland cultivation.)
教授先闡述觀點(diǎn)，在用三個(gè)不同層次的土壤分別含有的物質(zhì)的例子進(jìn)行證明。選項(xiàng)A中的population growth人口增長(zhǎng)在原文中并沒(méi)有提及與之相關(guān)的信息;選項(xiàng)B為了描述研究者如何證明在New Guinea不同階段的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展, 與教授用三個(gè)不同層次的土壤所發(fā)現(xiàn)的物質(zhì)所證明的信息相符;選項(xiàng)C中swampy conditions只是其中一層土壤的細(xì)節(jié)信息;選項(xiàng)D在Kuk用的一種農(nóng)耕方式，只是其中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息。

4. Why did researchers conclude that the taro remains found near Kuk were a result of farming? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. Taro does not grow wild in highland areas.
B. Taro is a native plant of China.
C. Taro was only found in a very small area near Kuk.
D. Taro normally does not grow in wet climates.
答案：A
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：taro

解析： (從3：57秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Finding the taro remains were very important, because it meant that it must have been planted there, brought from the lowlands, because taro doesn't grow naturally in the highlands.)
原文提到taro芋頭的發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要，因?yàn)橐馕吨�它已�?jīng)種下了，來(lái)自于低洼，因?yàn)閠aro不能自然地在高地生長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)A中taro不能再高地區(qū)域野生生長(zhǎng)，與原文信息一致;選項(xiàng)B中提到的China在原文中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)C中taro僅在Kuk附近一小片區(qū)域被發(fā)現(xiàn)，在原文中未被提及;選項(xiàng)D中wet climates潮濕的氣候在原文中未被提及，原文討論的是高或低的地方。

5. What evidence indicated that bananas were being cultivated in New Guinea during an earlier period than was previously thought? Click on 3 answers. 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A High concentrations of fossil remains of bananas.
B The discovery of stone tools designed to harvest bananas.
C The presence of regularly distributed mounds.
D Indications that Kuk did not become a swampy wetland until approximately 7,000 years ago.
E Genetic analyses of banana remains in New Guinea and Southeast Asia.
答案：ACE
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：banana

解析： (從4:08秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： And as for the bananas, researchers also found a high percentage of fossils from banana plants in sediment samples dating from about 7,000 years ago, proof the bananas were deliberately planted, because where bananas grow naturally the concentration of the plant fossils is lower. Bananas don't naturally grow so densely. As a matter of fact, recent genetic research, genetic comparisons of banana species, suggests that the type of banana grown in New Guinea was domesticated there and then brought to Southeast Asia.)
原文中提到研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)自于香蕉的大部分化石可追溯到7000年前，可以證明香蕉是有意地被種植，自然生長(zhǎng)的香蕉形成的化石堆比較低。香蕉不會(huì)如此密集地生長(zhǎng)，事實(shí)上通過(guò)香蕉物種的基因?qū)Ρ�，可以證明在New Guinea的香蕉是本地產(chǎn)的并被傳到東南亞。選項(xiàng)A中化石中保存的香蕉與原文信息一致;選項(xiàng)B中stone tools收割香蕉，在原文中并未被提及;選項(xiàng)C中定期地生長(zhǎng)會(huì)形成堆，與原文信息相符;選項(xiàng)D中的Kuk在7000年前是不是swampy wetland與原文信息不符;選項(xiàng)E中提到的對(duì)New Guinea和東南亞的香蕉進(jìn)行基因分析與原文信息相符。

6. What point does the professor make about the theory that agriculture brings about social change? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. Recent research has yielded unexpected evidence supporting the theory.
B. The theory seems to be contradicted by the development of society in New Guinea.
C. Future discoveries in Kuk are likely to provide definitive proof for the theory.
D. The theory explains why New Guinea has become an egalitarian society.
答案：B
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：social change

解析： (從4:50秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Well, usually, we expect to see that certain social changes are brought about by the development of agriculture, structural changes in the society like rapid population growth, different social classes. But New Guinea, it's largely unchanged. It's remained an egalitarian and rural society, so what does that tell us about the usual assumption?)
原文中教授說(shuō)通常我們期望看到某些社會(huì)變化是由迅速增長(zhǎng)地人口，不同的社會(huì)階級(jí)所導(dǎo)致的，但是New Guinea則很大程度上沒(méi)有變化，它還是保留著平等和原始的社會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A中unexpected evidence在原文中無(wú)體現(xiàn);選項(xiàng)B中提到New Guinea的社會(huì)發(fā)展與通常的理論所相悖，與原文信息相符。

托福TPO44聽(tīng)力Lecture4     【在線咨詢】

1. What is the main purpose of the talk? 【目的主旨題】
A. To explain the mechanical functioning of barrages.
B. To discuss some possible ecological effects of building barrages.
C. To discuss the effects of ocean tides on coastal ecosystems.
D. To describe ways to increase biological productivity of estuaries.
答案：B

解析： (從29秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：There is currently a lot of interest in harnessing the power of the oceans, of the ocean tides…One place where this tidal energy can be harnessed is at a shallow body of water, such as an estuary…And one way to harness that energy is by building a structure called a barrage there…)
教授開(kāi)篇提出如今對(duì)海洋能源來(lái)產(chǎn)新能源，費(fèi)用不高還節(jié)能環(huán)保，接著提出在入�？谛藿ù髩文軐�(shí)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)A解釋大壩的功能不是此篇主要目的;選項(xiàng)B討論一些可能修建大壩的生態(tài)效應(yīng)，與原文用意一致;選項(xiàng)C討論海浪對(duì)海岸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，不是主要目的;選項(xiàng)D為了描述增加入海口生物生產(chǎn)力的方法，與原文不符。

2. What is the professor's opinion when the man expresses concern about marine life on the mud flats? 【態(tài)度題】
A. She thinks the environmental impact of barrages would be worse for birds than for fish.
B. She agrees that any damage to the mud flats would probably be irreversible.
C. She feels that the situation is more complex than the man realizes.
D. She does not believe that the mud flats support a wide variety of animal species.
答案：C
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：marine life, mud flats

解析： (從2:29秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：Student: But don't lots of birds rely on exposed mudflats for food? I mean, don't they eat tiny animals that live in the mud? And what about those tiny animals? What would happen to them if the mudflats were endangered?
Professor: So you are seeing some of the potential problems with the barrage. But consider this, right now, the water in an estuary is very cloudy. The tidal currents are constantly churning up the sediments that rivers deposit in the estuary. But a barrage would reduce the tidal currents. So a lot of that sediment would settle to the floor of the estuary.)
原文中學(xué)生提出如果泥攤受影響的話，海洋生物將會(huì)隨之受牽連。接著教授說(shuō)這只是大壩潛在的問(wèn)題，但大壩也會(huì)減少潮汐。選項(xiàng)A教授認(rèn)為大壩的環(huán)境影響，比起魚(yú)來(lái)說(shuō)鳥(niǎo)的更為嚴(yán)重。原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)魚(yú)和鳥(niǎo)的環(huán)境進(jìn)行比較;選項(xiàng)B她同意任何對(duì)泥灘的破壞都將可能是不可避免的，不是教授的想法;選項(xiàng)C她認(rèn)為比起男生的擔(dān)憂處境更復(fù)雜，與原文意思相符;選項(xiàng)D她認(rèn)為泥灘不會(huì)有不同的動(dòng)物物種，與原文不符。

3. The professor mentions a change in the quantity of fish caught near a barrage in France. What most likely happened to the water in the estuary as a result of the construction of the barrage? 【推斷題】
A. The water has become clearer.
B. The water has become saltier.
C. The water has become polluted
D. The water level has risen.
答案：A
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：fish, France

解析： (從3:22秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Yes, there are several in operation. There is one in France. Now, they have to be careful there about how they turn on the turbines because they create currents and waves that can affect boats. But I haven't read about any major ecological problems. In fact, the fishing is supposed to have improved. Plus there is even more bird life.)
原文中教授提到法國(guó)的一個(gè)大壩如今對(duì)如何發(fā)動(dòng)渦輪非常小心，因?yàn)樗�產(chǎn)生的潮汐會(huì)影響船，對(duì)生態(tài)的影響尤其是魚(yú)和鳥(niǎo)都十分有利。這些與前面教授的觀點(diǎn)相呼應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A水變的更干凈，通過(guò)原文中的魚(yú)的生態(tài)環(huán)境改進(jìn)了可以推斷出水質(zhì)變好了;選項(xiàng)B水變的更咸了，與原文推斷不符;選項(xiàng)C水受的污染更嚴(yán)重了，也與原文推斷不符;選項(xiàng)C水平面升高了，在原文中并未被提及。

4. What does the professor say is a criticism of the proposed barrage at the Severn River in Great Britain? 【細(xì)節(jié)題】
A. It would damage nearby buildings.
B. It would attract harmful species to the region.
C. It would not be as large as the barrage in France.
D. it would be too expensive to build.
答案：D
破題關(guān)鍵詞匯：Severn River，Great Britain

解析： (從3:44秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)：There has been one proposed for the estuary of Great Britain's Severn River, one of the largest estuaries in the world…Critics say that it would better to use that money for something else, such as improving the energy efficiency of buildings. You could make a lot of buildings more efficient with all that money and that would reduce the need for electricity.)
原文中提到將在Severn River全球最大的入�？诮ù髩�，除了環(huán)境因素的考慮，這個(gè)工程將會(huì)斥巨資建造，很多人批判說(shuō)那些錢應(yīng)該用在如高效節(jié)能上。選項(xiàng)A中將破壞周圍的建筑，與原文不符;選項(xiàng)B將會(huì)吸引有害的物種，與原文不符;選項(xiàng)C不會(huì)和法國(guó)的大壩一樣大，不是原文中所批判的內(nèi)容;選項(xiàng)D建造的花費(fèi)太貴，與原文信息相符。

5. Why does the professor say this: 【重聽(tīng)題】
A. To request that the student answer in greater detail.
B. To introduce a new topic for discussion.
C. To make the student's statement more accurate.
D. To repeat a point that she had not stated clearly.
答案：B

解析： (從57秒開(kāi)始，原文重現(xiàn)： Student：An estuary is where a river enters the ocean. The fresh water meets the ocean water. Sometimes it is covered in water. Sometimes it is not.
Professor：Some parts of the estuary, as the tides go in and out, but other parts are always submerged.)
原文中學(xué)生講到入海口是河流匯入海洋，淡水匯入海水的地方。有時(shí)被水覆蓋有時(shí)則沒(méi)有。教授接著說(shuō)入�？诘囊恍┎糠郑�由于潮汐漲退，但有些部分總是被淹沒(méi)的。選項(xiàng)A要求學(xué)生的答案在更詳細(xì)些，與原文不符;選項(xiàng)B為了介紹一個(gè)新的話題去討論，與原文意思相符;選項(xiàng)C為了讓學(xué)生的闡述更準(zhǔn)確，與原文無(wú)關(guān);選項(xiàng)D為了重復(fù)一個(gè)她沒(méi)有陳述清楚的觀點(diǎn)，與原文無(wú)關(guān)。

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