托福詞匯之“冷僻的身體各部位名稱”

小孩子學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候都會(huì)學(xué)一些face、nose、hand之類的詞來(lái)表演給大人看，可是，大人們似乎也只會(huì)說(shuō)這些詞，如果小朋友問(wèn)你，“人中”、“眼角”等詞用英文怎么說(shuō)，你會(huì)怎么回答呢?新通教育的老師詳細(xì)介紹：

hallux

大腳趾

It stems from Latin and began to be commonly used in the mid-19th century. On the opposite side (of the foot), the little toe is called the minimus.

起源于拉丁語(yǔ)，19世紀(jì)中葉開(kāi)始普遍運(yùn)用。與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的是，小腳趾被稱為minimus。

purlicue

“虎口”距(食指與拇指間的空隙)

Although a rare word, purlicue is a term for the space between the forefinger and thumb, originally used in the North of England. It's thought to derive from the Scots term pirlie, meaning ‘curly' or ‘twisted', and is also used as a synonym for curlicue: a term in calligraphy to describe curls in a person's writing.

盡管是個(gè)冷僻詞，purlicue這一術(shù)語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示食指與拇指間的空間，最早用于英格蘭北部，這個(gè)詞來(lái)源于蘇格蘭術(shù)語(yǔ)pirlie，意為"卷曲的"或"彎曲的";現(xiàn)在用作"花體"的近義詞，書(shū)法術(shù)語(yǔ)，用以形容書(shū)寫(xiě)中筆跡的卷曲。

fraenum

系帶

A fraenum is a small ligament that restricts movement between body parts. The most obvious example is the fraenum which attaches the tongue to the bottom of the mouth, or the lip to the gum. It comes from the Latin fraenum which meant ‘bridle' – that same idea of restrained movement. It is also spelled frenum, and the more common term is frenulum.

系帶是一小小的韌帶，限制身體部位的運(yùn)動(dòng)。最常見(jiàn)的例子就是連接舌頭和口底、唇和牙齦的舌系帶。系帶一詞來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)fraenum，意為"韁繩"，和限制行動(dòng)同義，亦拼作"frenum"，更為常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)是frenulum。

uvula

小舌

The uvula is the fleshy extension that hangs at the back of the mouth above the opening of the throat. This is a body part that we share with some other primates; for instance, baboons have small, underdeveloped uvulae. The uvula helps to close the nasopharynx during swallowing, so that no food can enter the nasal passage. It also causes the initiation of the gag reflex if stimulated, and is also used to articulate a range of sounds in speech, such as the guttural R used in French.

小舌是嘴巴后部、緊貼喉嚨口上方懸垂的部分。這一身體部位其他靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物也有，比如狒狒有小型但發(fā)育并不完全的小舌。小舌有助吞咽時(shí)閉合鼻咽，避免食物進(jìn)入鼻道。若受到刺激，小舌會(huì)引發(fā)咽反射;小舌還能用以清晰地發(fā)出一系列音，如法語(yǔ)里喉音r。

philtrum

人中

This term refers to the vertical groove between the bottom of the nose and the upper lip. Interestingly, it comes from the Latin word philtrum which initially meant ‘love-potion' or ‘love-charm' and only started being used in English for the body part in the 17th century.

這一術(shù)語(yǔ)指的是鼻子底部和上唇間豎直的凹陷部分。有趣的是，這個(gè)詞來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)philtrum ，最初意為“愛(ài)情迷藥”或“愛(ài)情魔咒”，直到17世紀(jì)才開(kāi)始用于英語(yǔ)，表示身體部位。

gowpen

碗狀(兩手靠攏形成)

This is the hollow that is formed when the two hands are placed together to create a bowl shape. It originates from the Old Norse gaupn.

這個(gè)詞指的是雙手靠攏形成的碗狀時(shí)雙手凹陷的部分，來(lái)源于古挪威語(yǔ)gaupn.

gynaecomastia

男性乳房

The technical medical term for what some might refer to in everyday conversation as ‘man boobs' or ‘moobs' – or, rather, the condition that causes the swelling of a man's breast tissue, usually caused by hormone therapy or imbalance.

這一專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)即有些人日常對(duì)話中所說(shuō)的“男性乳房”，更確切地說(shuō)，是引發(fā)男性胸部組織腫脹、隆起的條件，通常由激素療法或內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)所致。

canthus

眼角

Stemming from Latin, and from the Greek word kanthos, this word refers to the point in the inner or outer corner of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet. It was first used in the mid-17th century.

源自拉丁語(yǔ)和希臘語(yǔ) kanthos一詞，用以指內(nèi)外眼角上下眼瞼交匯處。最初用于17世紀(jì)中葉。

gnathion

頷下點(diǎn)

This is the lowest point of the jawbone, so the most outward pointing part of the chin. It comes from the Greek word for ‘jaw' with the –ion suffix added to it, and only came into usage in the late 19th century.

下頜骨的最低點(diǎn)，是下巴最為向外突出的點(diǎn)，來(lái)源于希臘語(yǔ)jaw一詞，加上-ion后綴，直到19世紀(jì)末期人們才開(kāi)始使用這個(gè)詞。

glabella

印堂

The glabella is the smooth part of the forehead, between and directly above the eyebrows. The term comes from the Latin glaber, meaning ‘without hair, smooth, bald'. It is used medically to test for dehydration, as the skin becomes wrinkled and shrivelled when dehydrated.

額頭眉間稍高處平整光滑的部分。這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)源于拉丁語(yǔ)glaber, 意為“沒(méi)有毛發(fā)、平整、光禿”。醫(yī)學(xué)上用以測(cè)試是否脫水，因?yàn)槊撍畷r(shí)皮膚會(huì)收縮、形成褶皺。