雅思閱讀判斷題“判斷原則”

一、選擇“正確”的幾種情況：

1. 題目為原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)化 （同義詞／近義詞替換）
　　原文: Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss of explaining their demise.
　　題目: Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.

2. 題目為原文的歸納概括
　　原文：It has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes–still quite a rapid response–the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
　　題目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.

3. 原文的主語范圍包括了題目的主語范圍
　　原文: All the students and staff are automatically members of the Recreation and Aquatics Centers.
　　題目: The girl students can become the members of the Recreation and Aquatics Centers as soon as they enter the university.

4. 題目為原文的稍加推斷

1）句型結(jié)構(gòu)的推斷
　　原文: A mother’s wanting her partner to do more housework and child care is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than actual time spent by fathers in these tasks.
　　題目: The number of hours a father spends doing child care is not the best indicator of how well the family is adjusted.

2）數(shù)字簡單運(yùn)算原則
　　原文: As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.
　　題目: One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.

3）雙重否定相當(dāng)于肯定的原則
　　原文: Only 14 percent fathers are highly participant in terms of time spent on family work.
　　題目: The vast majority of fathers do not take part to any great extent in family.

二、選擇“錯(cuò)誤”的幾種情況：

1. 題目與原文意思直接或間接相反
　　原文: Fifty-three percent of all households owned either a dog or a cat.
　　題目: Researches show that more than half of Australia families have both a cat and a dog.

2. 題目偷換原文的概念
　　原文: Most of the port city’s population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function, but each basic worker requires food, housing, clothing and other such services.
　　題目: Most people in a port city are engaged in international trade and finance.

3. 題目與原文所指內(nèi)容的頻率范圍不同。

1）題目與原文使用了不同的頻率
　　原文: Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a good job.
　　題目: It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.

2）原文是多個(gè)情形都可以，題目是僅僅其中一個(gè)情況
　　原文: Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men’s Nordic skiing events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.
　　題目: Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men’s winter Olympics.

3) 原文為多個(gè)條件，題目減少條件或無條件。
　　原文: The Internet has often been criticized by the media as a hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.
　　題目: The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.

4. 原文強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀臆斷或一種理論，而題目中卻強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)
　　原文: But generally winter sports were felt to be too specialized.
　　題目: The Antwerp Games proved that winter sports were too specialized.

三、選擇“無法判斷”的情況

1. 題目的內(nèi)容原文根本沒有提到
　　原文: In Beijing, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palates and pockets.
　　題目: There is now a grater variety of restaurants to choose from in Beijing than in the past.

2. 原文中沒有比較，而題目中有比較級
　　原文：There are a variety of sports very popular in present China, such as soccer, basketball and badminton.
　　題目：Soccer has enjoyed the same popularity as basketball in China.

3．題目的陳述比原文的陳述更具體
　　1）原文中涉及的范圍大于題目涉及的范圍
　　原文: The tourists come mainly from Europe.
　　題目: The tourists come mainly form the UK.

2）原文指的是比例關(guān)系，題目說的是數(shù)量關(guān)系
　　原文: Many teachers find their jobs very rewarding.
　　題目: The majority of teachers get satisfaction from their work.

4.  原文講的是將來會或可能發(fā)生的事情，題目表述的是事實(shí)
　　原文: He vowed he would never come back.
　　題目: He never came back.

由此可見，判斷題里面“正確”，“錯(cuò)誤”以及“無法判斷”，每一種都包括很多種可能的情況。但是如果我們仔細(xì)觀察，不能發(fā)現(xiàn)，“正確”的實(shí)質(zhì)是題目與原文是同替的關(guān)系，無論是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，歸納概括還是稍加推斷。“錯(cuò)誤”的實(shí)質(zhì)是不正確且與文中信息不共存，意思是說題目描述是不正確的且與文中的信息是無法同時(shí)存在的。“無法判斷”的實(shí)質(zhì)是不正確但與文中信息共存，意思是說題目描述是不正確的，但可以與文中的信息可以同時(shí)存在。

判斷題做題總綱
　　» 同替 ＝》正確
　　» 不正確且不共存 ＝》錯(cuò)誤
　　» 不準(zhǔn)確但可以共存 ＝》無法判斷