論雅思閱讀中的邏輯關(guān)系考點(diǎn)詞1----因果關(guān)系

【名師簡(jiǎn)介】河南工業(yè)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位，英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)。多年從教經(jīng)驗(yàn)。主授托福、雅思閱讀、聽(tīng)力。洞悉考試題型和技巧，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，深入淺出便于學(xué)生吸收。注重師生交流，關(guān)注每一位學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)，給予個(gè)性化的輔導(dǎo)和作業(yè)。授課緊密結(jié)合考試，循序漸進(jìn)，使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)，兼顧綜合能力的提高和考試目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
【教學(xué)感言】 
人與人之間差別最小的是智商，差別最大的是堅(jiān)持！

學(xué)習(xí)雅思閱讀的同學(xué)知道，在審題的過(guò)程中，除了要確定該題目的定位詞，還要快速判斷這道題中的考查要點(diǎn)，也就是所謂的“考點(diǎn)”。雅思閱讀中不同體型的考點(diǎn)會(huì)稍有不同，但是對(duì)題目核心考點(diǎn)的解讀是相同的。這里新通河南韓老師重點(diǎn)介紹邏輯關(guān)系詞考點(diǎn)，其中以因果邏輯關(guān)系為主。

一個(gè)句子的表現(xiàn)主要有語(yǔ)義和邏輯兩層含義，按照雅思考試的同義轉(zhuǎn)換的理念，題目和原文基本表達(dá)語(yǔ)義的詞或詞組一般都會(huì)有變化，而邏輯關(guān)系卻不會(huì)也不能改變。但是表示邏輯關(guān)系的詞不只一個(gè)，所以邏輯關(guān)系詞會(huì)有同義轉(zhuǎn)換。這里列出常用的因果關(guān)系詞。

顯性因果

因：because，because of， for ，as，since，in that，on account of

果：so，so that，therefore，thereby，as a result，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly

因果關(guān)系除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的顯性因果表達(dá)詞外，隱形的因果同樣是不可忽略的一個(gè)重要部分。

隱形因果：

①導(dǎo)致（因-果）：cause，reason，lead to，give rise to，result in， render，make，let，ask，support，push，stimulate，spark，spur，fuel，produce，be responsible for

②由...而來(lái)（果-因）：result from，derive from，originate from，initiate from，stem from，be responsive to，be attributable to

③反映，體現(xiàn)（果-因）：reflect，present，demonstrate，suggest，imply，show

This result demonstrates that...

④考慮到：given，considering，in view of，thanks to，according to

He succeeded thanks to（in view of）his effort.

⑤依賴于：rely on，depend on，resort to，

He resorted to books when he had problems.

⑥條件關(guān)系：when，once，as soon as，as long as

As soon as he got the money，he would leave the country at once.

⑦分詞短語(yǔ)，不定式做狀語(yǔ)

Failing in the final exam， she cried.

現(xiàn)在看一些因果關(guān)系在雅思閱讀判斷題目中的考察。

例1，題目The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.

原文: The rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class.

答案：TRUE

例2：題目Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialization.

原文：Most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient---associated with the early phases of industrialization.

答案：YES

例3題目：The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education generally reflects the level of attainment in mathematics.

原文：The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education is reasonably similar in the two countries, so how is this higher and more consistent attainment in maths achieved?

答案：NO

例4，題目Yessis links an inadequate diet to  .

原文：Few coaches, for instance, understand how deficiencies in trace mineral can lead to injuries.

答案：injuries

例5，題目this is largely due to developments in     17   , but other factors such as improved  18       may also be playing a part.

原文：clearly， certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.

答案：14 medicine，15

通過(guò)以上例子得出因果關(guān)系在雅思閱讀的考察中非常重要。除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的顯性因果表達(dá)詞外，隱形的因果同樣是不可忽略的一個(gè)重要部分。

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