從考官范文看雅思大作文論證

雅思大作文主體段落一般由主題句和擴(kuò)展句構(gòu)成。主題句一般放在第一句，是段落核心，用來概括全段內(nèi)容。僅有主題觀點(diǎn)是不夠的，還要對(duì)其進(jìn)行論證，也就是圍繞主題進(jìn)行論證，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說明、敘述、舉例及論述。在文章總字?jǐn)?shù)要求不變的情況下，每個(gè)段落觀點(diǎn)數(shù)量越多，意味著擴(kuò)展句的數(shù)量就可以相應(yīng)地減少。如果一個(gè)段落中含有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那么每個(gè)觀點(diǎn)句展開一兩個(gè)擴(kuò)展句就滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求了。

如：Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progression and purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to  team.(131 words 《劍7》Test 3)

如果一個(gè)段落只有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，在保持段落字?jǐn)?shù)不變的情況下，支持句的數(shù)量就要相應(yīng)地增加。

如：Advocates of this believe that today’ sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we could be more likely to make exercises a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages,levels of fitness and interests; those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.(98 words 《劍9》Test 3)

因此，在觀點(diǎn)較少的情況下，能否將觀點(diǎn)充分地展開成為滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求的關(guān)鍵所在。

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其次，如何展開一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵在于是否能夠靈活運(yùn)用論證方式。常用的論證方式包括：解釋(explanation)，延伸(extension)，舉例(exemplification)和對(duì)比(contrast)等。

如：A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as in working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests. (第二句使用解釋論證)(《劍6》Test 4)
My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. (第二句使用延伸論證) (《劍5》Test 2)

To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky train and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.(第二句使用舉例論證)(《劍8》Test 3)
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. (第二句使用對(duì)比論證)(《劍5》Test 2)

以上就是通過考官范文中幾個(gè)非常詳細(xì)的例子介紹的雅思寫作主體論證中如何展開觀點(diǎn)，展開論述方面的信息。大家在備考自己的雅思寫作考試的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該注意考官范文的使用。

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謝雨琇

新通外語南京分校資深教師，有超強(qiáng)邏輯思維能力和語言基礎(chǔ)，能夠充分與學(xué)生互動(dòng)，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)熱情，曾在加拿大前十學(xué)�？�爾頓大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)與交流。

 

羅明惠

新通外語南京分校資深教師，語言學(xué)碩士，雅思考試聽力9分，閱讀9分，教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)極其豐富。善于定位學(xué)生問題，發(fā)掘?qū)W生潛力，幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)行針對(duì)性突破，快速提高分?jǐn)?shù)。