托福TPO：TPO28 Lecture 1解析

看似生僻的哲學(xué)，其實(shí)并沒有想象中的如此復(fù)雜。

主旨: The basis of knowledge means how we know what we know.

然后引出 foundationalism means serving as a base for knowledge as if we build a house on a base, the more strong the base is, the more solid the structure of knowledge is.( 第二題修辭目的題： 將foundationalism 比喻建房子的地基，地基越strong, 房子越solid）

接著通過對兩個(gè)科學(xué)家對foundationalism 的理解來展開敘述。（ 第一題的主旨題）

Lock: Our senses and experiences serve as foundation for our knowledge.（第三題細(xì)節(jié)題 : 什么是人們的basic knowledge for Lock，即 senses)Carte: Senses can deceive us, he wants to find a more solid foundation.

Then he start with methodological doubt （第四題修辭目的題，問為什么作者要提到methodological doubt, 即開始探索什么可以作為foundation), which means everything should be questioned. At last, he put forward that if one thing that can not be false, that it can serve as a foundation for all knowledge claims.(第六題細(xì)節(jié)題，只要聽到了答案很明顯）

后面都是在論證 sense 怎么樣deceive us, 比如說 illusion, mirage, and dreaming (第5題細(xì)節(jié)題，考的是dreaming 的重要性，即我們不能完全相信reality)
結(jié)尾部分推出一個(gè)大前提，就是當(dāng)人們在進(jìn)行這一系列活動(dòng)的同時(shí)，人必須是存在的，hence => I exist 就是那個(gè)foundation we can base on.

詞匯：shimmering adj. 閃爍的，微微發(fā)亮的

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