托福閱讀中的難句分析：后置定語

后置定語有以下成分可以做：

1 形容詞短語

TPO 5－1－Para 1
　　Only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive.
　　這里able to tolerate low levels of this mineal是修飾前面的plants，句子的動詞是can survive。

我們再來看一個例子

TPO 20－3 － Q 14/No. 1
　　Environmental characteristics like those present on ocean floors increase the likelihood that plant and animal fossils will occur.
　　同樣這里的present on ocean floors的present是adj，不是動詞。

2. 分詞

2.1現(xiàn)在分詞

The teacher giving the lessons now is from a prestigious university.
　　在這里，同學(xué)們可以看到，giving the lessons now 是修飾前面的teacher，表示主動或者進行的概念。
　　同時，大家也要區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞做定語和做狀語的區(qū)別。
　　區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語
　　TPO 5－3
　　Fossil disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.

Online Test - Opportunist and Competitors
　　A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil.

TPO 28 - 2
　　So the herds shifted south, following the major river systems into savanna regions.

2.2 過去分詞

過去分詞，也就是done的結(jié)構(gòu)是英語閱讀中很常用的句式，因為這樣句子顯得很簡潔并且能表達復(fù)雜的意思。
　　TPO 5 - 3 - Q9/1 
　　The animals found in the Tommotian fossil bed were once thought to belong to a ...

TPO 4 - 1-Para 5
　　Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.

同時也要提醒各位考生注意過去分詞做狀語的情況
　　區(qū)分過去分詞做狀語 TPO 5 －3
　　The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique animals.

3 介詞短語

Animals in the Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal groups but are now thought to belong to to groups that emerged and died out .....
介詞短語做定語的現(xiàn)象并不是很多，而且同學(xué)們是比較好區(qū)分的。

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