托福獨(dú)立寫作評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之連貫技巧

托福獨(dú)立寫作的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，有一個(gè)很明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是要求“統(tǒng)一”、“遞進(jìn)”和“連貫”。這三個(gè)詞看著簡單，但是怎樣做到卻很難。下面我們來看看大家怎么說！

一： 重復(fù)關(guān)鍵字。重復(fù)關(guān)鍵字是我們非常重要的一種表達(dá)連貫性的方法，一段當(dāng)中的重點(diǎn)通過不斷地重復(fù)而表達(dá)出來，段落就會(huì)顯得很連貫。但為了避免重復(fù)變得無聊，我們就要在重復(fù)的過程中進(jìn)行換詞。常用的換詞方法有同義詞(比如：run, race, dash)，代詞(比如：operators…they)，以及換詞性(比如：independent, independence, independently)。下面這段OG當(dāng)中的范文，雖然長度一般，但就在用不同的方式不斷的重復(fù)我們這段的關(guān)鍵字“living independently”。

So living independently at an early age is not suitable for all young adults, some young adults may need to be ready to support themselves. Taking time to get more education and living with their families for a longer time may lead them to a better independent life because they will be well prepared for the hard-life outside. Still, living with their families for too long will not be a good idea because they could get used to it and tend to be less independent。

二：使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。在寫作的時(shí)候，如果我們想表達(dá)連續(xù)的相似概念，平行結(jié)構(gòu)就是上佳選擇。此外，使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)不僅可以使我們的句式更加整齊，還可以讓我們的文章讀起來更加連貫。同樣的，下面是我們托福官方指南中范文的其中一段，你找到使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)的地方了嗎？

In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I’m dealing with is honest. Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn’t like, s/he’d better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that’d be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there? So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesn’t think I can handle the truth, there’s no point to continuing that relationship.

托福考試分?jǐn)?shù)始終在低分徘徊？來新通，五星名師一對一全面學(xué)習(xí)！

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三： 保持主語的一致。在英文寫作中，我們也有一條”潛規(guī)則“，就是一句話的主語應(yīng)該與上一句話的主語或者賓語相呼應(yīng)，如果一段話中的每一句話都和上一句的主語或者賓語沒什么聯(lián)系，讀起來整段就很晦澀難懂，更別說連貫了。下面一段話我已經(jīng)把各句的主語加斜黑體了，大家可以先試試能不能看懂。

One goes about trapping in this manner. At the very outset one acquire a “trapping” state of mind. A library of books must be read, and preferably someone with experience should educate the novice. Preparing for the first expedition takes several steps. The purchase of traps is first. A pair of rubber gloves, waterproof boots, and the grubbiest clothes capable of withstanding human use come next to outfit the trapper for his adventure. Finally, the decision has to be made on just what kinds of animals to seek, what sort of bait to use, and where to place the traps。

沒怎么讀懂是吧？沒關(guān)系，不是你的錯(cuò)，是因?yàn)檫@篇文章太爛了。一段當(dāng)中幾乎每一句話的主語都在變，讓人摸不著頭腦它到底想說什么。等等，回想一下剛才我們講的前兩種表示連貫的方法：重復(fù)關(guān)鍵字和使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。這段有做到嗎？趕緊返回去再找找看。

很好，我估計(jì)大家已經(jīng)找到了。重復(fù)關(guān)鍵字和使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)這兩點(diǎn)在本段中都做得很好： 本段的關(guān)鍵字trapping，先后被換成了traps，trapper等；而平行結(jié)構(gòu)的使用中，既有詞的平行(A pair of rubber gloves, waterproof boots, and the grubbiest clothes)，也有短語的平行(what kinds of animals to seek, what sort of bait to use, and where to place the traps)。但是，就因?yàn)楸径蚊烤湓捪氡磉_(dá)的所有新信息都放到了主語上，所以讀起來就非常不連貫。再讀讀下面這段，當(dāng)改成都用統(tǒng)一的I作主語后，讀起來就順暢多了！

I went about trapping in this manner. To acquire a “trapping” state of mind, I read a library of books and talked at length with an experienced trapper, my father. Then I purchased the traps and outfitted myself by collecting a pair of rubber gloves, waterproof boots, and the grubbiest clothes capable of withstanding human use. Finally, I decided just what kinds of animals to seek, what sort of bait to use, and where to place my traps。

四：使用連接詞。對于讀者來說，連接詞的作用就像一個(gè)橋梁，把已經(jīng)讀過的信息和將要讀的新信息連接起來。無論是在句與句之間，還是段落與段落之間，它們都扮演者引導(dǎo)閱讀者的作用，不容小覷。下面我給大家按分類列出了一些我們寫作中常用的連接詞， 這些連接詞在我們英語中的其他三個(gè)方面聽說讀使用頻率也非常高，那你還等什么，趕緊背會(huì)吧！

To show addition

·And, also, besides, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, next, too, second

To give examples

·For example, for instance, to illustrate, in fact, specifically，a case in point is…，take…，…，for example，in particular，such as, like

To compare

·Also, in the same manner, similarly, likewise

To contrast

·But, however, in contrast, nevertheless, yet, on the contrary, even though, although, on the other hand, still

To summarize or conclude

·in short, in summary, in conclusion, to sum up, In other words, in another word, that is, basically, simply put, therefore

To show time

·After, as, before, next, during, later, finally, meanwhile, then, when, while, immediately

To show place or direction

·Above, below, beyond, farther on, nearby, opposite, close, to the left

To indicate logical relationship

·If, so, therefore, consequently, thus, as a result, for this reason, since, as, because, for, due to, owing to, on account of, because of

關(guān)鍵詞：評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 獨(dú)立寫作 連貫 托福寫作 托福考試

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