為什么英國首相往往出自牛津的這個專業(yè)

 　　英國首相候選人淘汰賽已經(jīng)決出最 后兩強，就等二選一啦!

　　小編對最 后誰當選的興趣并不是太大，不過有件事倒是引起了小編的注意：候選人RishiSunak和Liz Truss其實是牛津的校友，而且學的是同一個專業(yè)PPE。

　　PPE哲學、政治和經(jīng)濟學，是名副其實的跨學科專業(yè)。英國的LSE、UCL、KCL、杜倫大學、曼徹斯特大學、蘭卡斯特大學等院校也開設PPE，當然牛津作為該專業(yè)的“創(chuàng)始者”，依然是表現(xiàn)最搶眼的一個。

　　PPE誕生于這樣一種信念，即研究經(jīng)濟、社會、政治和哲學思想的偉大現(xiàn)代作品將對學生的智力生活產(chǎn)生變革性影響，從而對整個社會產(chǎn)生變革性影響。

　　這就能解釋為什么英國政界有相當數(shù)量的政客出身PPE。而在從政之外，學生也會進入金融、法律、傳媒、社工、咨詢等領域，比如《經(jīng)濟學人》、《金融時報》的雜志社也聚集了一大批牛津PPE。

　　好了，這個神奇專業(yè)已經(jīng)扒得差不多了。相信此時，一些同學已經(jīng)在好奇PPE的學生具體在學什么了。

　　小編從網(wǎng)上找來了牛津PPE的readinglist，來一起看看英國首相們都讀過什么書吧!

　　哲學

　　邏輯學：

　　V. Halbach, The Logic Manual (Oxford University Press)

　　W. Hodges, Logic (Penguin)

　　D. Dennett, Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking (Penguin)

　　Douglas Hofstadter, Gödel, Escher, Bach (Penguin)

　　一般哲學：

　　J. Nagel, Knowledge: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press)

　　E, Conee and T. Sider, Riddles of Existence: a guided tour of Metaphysics (Oxford University Press)

　　R. Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy

　　D. Hume, An Enquiry Converning Human Understanding

　　B. Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (Oxford University Press)

　　道德哲學：

　　J. S. Mill, Utilitarianism (ed. R.Crisp, Oxford University Press

　　H. West, An Introduction to Mill's Utilitarian Ethics (Cambridge University Press)

　　J. Driver, Ethics: The Fundamentals (Wiley-Blackwell)

　　B. Williams, Morality (Penguin)

　　哲學論文撰寫：

　　C. Benn, C. Cameron, A. Cawston and S.Siriwardena, Tackling the Philosophy Essay

　　P. Lipton, Writing Philosophy

　　J. Pryor, Guidelines on Writing a Philosophy Paper

　　政治學

　　必讀：

　　Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. 2nd ed. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2012.

　　Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. London: Profile, 2012.

　　Sartori, Giovanni. Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.

　　Tsebelis, George. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002,chapters 1–4.

　　政治理論入門：

　　Jonathan Wolff, An Introduction to Political Philosophy (3rd ed, 2015)

　　Adam Swift, Political Philosophy: ABeginners' Guide for Students and Politicians (3rd ed, 2013)

　　歷史經(jīng)典：

　　Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto

　　John Stuart Mill, On Liberty

　　Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

　　John Locke, Second Treatise of Government

　　經(jīng)濟學

　　大一用書：

　　J.M. Perloff, Microeconomics (which requires some knowledge of calculus)

　　R. Frank and E. Cartwright, Microeconomics and Behaviour

　　C.I. Jones, Macroeconomics

　　數(shù)學用書：

　　Timbrell, M., Mathematics for Economists

　　Kennedy, G., Mathematics for Innumerate Economists

　　Anthony, M., and Biggs, N., Mathematicsfor Economics and Finance

　　Black, J., and Bradley, Essential Mathematics for Economists

　　Holden, K., and Pearson, A.W., Introductory Mathematics for Economists

　　Dowling, E., Mathematical Methods for Business and Economics, from the Schaum's Outlines series. (Students with no background in Mathematics have found this book particularly useful).

　　Chiang, A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics (starts at a similar level to the other texts onthis list. but takes many ideas a bit further)

　　推薦：

　　Alan Blinder, After the Music Stopped

　　Paul Krugman, The return of Depression Economics

　　James Forder, A beginner's guide toeconomics

　　William Easterly, The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good

　　Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It

　　Jeffrey Sachs, The End of Poverty

　　Roger Backhouse & Steven Medema, Retrospectives: On the Definition of Economics’

　　牛津PPE的錄取率大概在11%左右，從往年的報道來看，中國大陸地區(qū)每年都能錄取大概1、2個學生，競爭還是很激烈的。

　　該專業(yè)A-Level最 低要求AAA，建議學習數(shù)學和歷史，學有余力的同學也可以從reading list上下手準備。