擔(dān)心院校淘汰率高？UBC學(xué)姐教你如何高效學(xué)習(xí)

從高中幾十人的小課堂到大學(xué)第一年上百人的大講座，不乏會(huì)讓學(xué)生缺乏存在感;在高中有老師手把手輔導(dǎo)，到了大學(xué)你能學(xué)到什么知識(shí)很大程度上取決你自己，尤其是考試來臨的時(shí)候。

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這樣的轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)于任何新入大學(xué)的新生來說，都意味著種種挑戰(zhàn)。

作為過來人的UBC大五學(xué)生曾經(jīng)也經(jīng)歷過同樣的挑戰(zhàn)!

I came to UBC way overconfident in my study skills. I had always been a pretty good student, so I wasn’t concerned about how I would do in my university classes.

在進(jìn)入U(xiǎn)BC大學(xué)之前，我對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法是特別自信的。高中期間，我一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生，那時(shí)也從來沒有擔(dān)心過到了大學(xué)要如何學(xué)習(xí)。

My confidence came crashing down when I received my first less-than-stellar midterm grade. I didn’t understand what happened. How was this possible? Why didn’t my usual study methods work for me?

大一第一學(xué)期期中考后，當(dāng)我拿到成績單，我蒙圈了。成績?cè)趺催@么低，是不是搞錯(cuò)了? 為什么讓我高中成績優(yōu)異的學(xué)習(xí)方法突然不管用了?

The work you do in university is complex and requires more critical thinking. It’s no longer enough to simply memorize the textbook.

大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)難度相對(duì)復(fù)雜，而且要求學(xué)生更具備批判性思維。不再是像高中那樣光靠記憶書本的內(nèi)容就能考出好成績了。

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So, here I am, 4 years down the line, and I like to think I’ve learned a thing or two about studying. Every semester, I learn something new about what it takes to succeed here, and what doesn’t work.

我在UBC大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了四年，每學(xué)期我都會(huì)總結(jié)一些幫助我獲得好成績的學(xué)習(xí)方法，和要改進(jìn)的地方。經(jīng)過4年的學(xué)習(xí)，我在總結(jié)了5大常見的學(xué)習(xí)錯(cuò)誤和解決的方法，在此與大家分享：

1.The Marothon馬拉松式拖延癥

You find a desk in Irving and refuse to move ever again. You don’t even think about taking a break—that would be a waste of time. Don’t you know this assignment is due in 16 hours?

到作業(yè)截止前一天再著手開始寫。就算在圖書館里一直學(xué)習(xí)不休息，也很難達(dá)到真正的學(xué)習(xí)效果。

解決方法：

Whether you’re doing this because you think it’s efficient or because you left everything until the last minute, you’re not going to learn much. Our brains need rest time to process information.

無論是因?yàn)槟阋回灥膶W(xué)習(xí)方法就是要拖到截止日期前開始學(xué)習(xí)，還是因?yàn)槟阌X得短時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)更有效率，我覺得為了趕截止日期而拼命地學(xué)習(xí)并不能讓我們真正學(xué)到知識(shí)。我們的大腦需要有一定的休息時(shí)間去處理所吸收的信息。

Planning ahead is the key here. Instead of focusing only on your deadlines, work backwards and figure out when you need to start working on a project. Take into account how long each part of the work will take you. You’ll feel less overwhelmed and more able to actually learn the material, as opposed to just cramming.

合理規(guī)劃，計(jì)劃在前非常重要。在完成一個(gè)作業(yè)項(xiàng)目之前，明確截止日期，分配好完成每項(xiàng)任務(wù)所需的時(shí)間。這樣，你才不會(huì)被繁重的作業(yè)/考試壓垮，而且可以避免為了趕截止日而敷衍了事。

If you’re really in a pinch (hey, it happens to everyone), try out the pomodoro method: 25 minutes on, 5 minutes off, with a longer break every 4 circuits. It holds off exhaustion and keeps you feeling refreshed over long periods of heavy work!

如果你并不擅長做時(shí)間規(guī)劃，不妨試試“番茄工作法”-學(xué)習(xí)25分鐘，休息5分鐘，每四個(gè)番茄鐘后可以延長休息的時(shí)間。這個(gè)方法，可以讓你避免過度疲勞，而且在面對(duì)繁重的作業(yè)時(shí)，保持精力充沛。

>>>加拿大留學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)技巧

2.The Full-Page Highlight 沒有學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

You try to study by reading the textbook, but somehow end up highlighting everything and remembering nothing.

一邊看書一邊劃重點(diǎn)，結(jié)果卻滿頁都是劃出來的重點(diǎn)，卻什么也沒記住。

解決方法:

Turns out, passively re-reading a textbook is pretty useless. Just because you’re holding a highlighter doesn’t mean you’re actually engaging with the material.

滿頁都劃重點(diǎn)是一種低效的被動(dòng)閱讀。

Learn how to read actively by taking notes as you read, which will force you to decide what parts of the reading are worth remembering. Come up with practice questions or make flashcards. The more of the 5 senses you use in your studying, the more likely you are to remember the information.

學(xué)會(huì)一邊積極閱讀，一邊做筆記，這種發(fā)放會(huì)迫使你在閱讀的過程中了解哪些是需要重點(diǎn)記憶的內(nèi)容。你可以通過練習(xí)提問的方式或是制作抽認(rèn)卡的方法來完成這樣的閱讀。越是能在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中動(dòng)用五官，越是能記牢所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。

If your exam includes an essay portion, think about what kinds of themes your professor might ask about and make some possible outlines. Even if your practice questions don’t actually show up on the exam, you’ll be in the right headspace!

如果考試的內(nèi)容還包含寫作，可以試著猜猜看教授會(huì)出什么題目，由此寫出一個(gè)大綱。即便沒有猜中考試題目，這樣的復(fù)習(xí)方法對(duì)你的備考也是有幫助的。

3.The Multitasking身兼多項(xiàng)任務(wù)

You try to do work for all of your classes at the same time by constantly switching back and forth between projects. This one is particularly common during finals.

在期末考試期間，學(xué)生需要同時(shí)在很多不同的科目之間交叉復(fù)習(xí)是很常見的事情。

解決方法:

People are actually really bad at multitasking. While we think we’re focusing on 2 things at once, we’re actually switching between 2 tasks very rapidly, meaning that our brains never have time to fully adjust to working on either one.

大多數(shù)人并不擅長同時(shí)處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 當(dāng)你決定要同時(shí)處理兩件事情時(shí)，我們常常 會(huì)在兩個(gè)任務(wù)之間快速地轉(zhuǎn)換，意味著我們的大腦并沒有充分的時(shí)間有效地處理其中任何一個(gè)件事。

Unfortunately, the only way around this one is to plan ahead (weird how that keeps cropping up). Make a study schedule ahead of time and figure out which days you’ll devote to which subjects. You’ll be able to process the material more efficiently than you would if your attention was split between tasks, and ultimately you’ll have more confidence in what you’ve learned.

>>>加拿大留學(xué)科目詳情介紹

但面對(duì)這樣的情況，唯一的解決辦法是要提前做好學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃表，規(guī)定好具體科目的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。當(dāng)你把注意力獨(dú)立分配到不同的任務(wù)時(shí)，你將更有效地處理所學(xué)的信息，也會(huì)對(duì)所學(xué)的知識(shí)更有自信。

4.The Media Frenzy被電子設(shè)備綁架

You study while talking to your friends, checking 10 different social media tabs, and listening to loud music (or worse, watching Netflix), and looking at your phone every 5 seconds as it buzzes away on your desk.

一邊學(xué)習(xí)一邊和朋友聊天，一會(huì)兒又去刷手機(jī)看不同的社交APP，一會(huì)兒又把音樂放的很大聲，每五秒鐘一響的手機(jī)又讓你分心。

解決方法：

SHUT. IT. DOWN. It’s easy enough to get distracted without creating more disturbances for yourself. Turn off your phone, don’t use the internet unless absolutely necessary (if it is, use StayFocusd or Freedom to stay on task), and minimize background noise. Low volume coffee shop buzz and instrumental (preferably classical) music are fine, but stay away from loud conversation or heavy rhythmic tunes. I like to study while listening to film scores (nothing makes you feel productive like finishing an essay to the Indiana Jones theme).

關(guān)機(jī)! 關(guān)機(jī)! 關(guān)機(jī)! 如果沒給自己創(chuàng)造一個(gè)沒有干擾的環(huán)境，很難避免在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候不分心。手機(jī)關(guān)機(jī)，不必要的時(shí)候盡量斷網(wǎng)，選擇在安靜的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)。

5.The Solo Mission只顧自己學(xué)習(xí)

You only ever study in solitude and refuse to ask anyone else for help.

只顧自己學(xué)習(xí)，且拒絕別人的幫助。

解決方法：

Studying on your own is fine (even preferable), but having other people around to bounce ideas off of can be insanely helpful. Make a friend in class (they don’t have to be your soulmate) so you can share notes and ask questions if you need to.

能獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)是件好事，但要是能從身邊的朋友那里獲得更好的 學(xué)習(xí)建議或幫助相信有事半功倍的效果。不妨在課堂上多認(rèn)識(shí)有些新朋友，相互之間可以分享筆記和給予學(xué)習(xí)上的幫助。

Convince a friend or family member to let you “teach” them the material—the gaps in your understanding will become more obvious when you try to explain a topic to an uninformed party. Most importantly, take advantage of your professors and attend office hours or shoot them an email if you’re confused about something. You won’t regret it.

當(dāng)你把所學(xué)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)再去教別人一遍的時(shí)候，能幫助你更好的掌握所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。更重要的是，學(xué)習(xí)上一旦遇到疑問，要多利用辦公室開放時(shí)間與教授溝通或是給教授們發(fā)郵件，這對(duì)你來說百益而無一害。

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