【教師】托福閱讀多段型推理題淺析

眾所周知，托福閱讀中的多數(shù)題目?jī)H針對(duì)某一段落出題，這在一定程度上為考生減輕了閱讀壓力，降低了解題難度，但在推理題中卻不乏針對(duì)兩個(gè)甚至兩個(gè)以上段落出題的情況，大大增加了挑戰(zhàn)性。

Paragraph 1:

Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has been growing rapidly. In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity.
　　Most were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the state’s electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco). In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states — North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas. 

Paragraph 3:

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.

Paragraph 4:

Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary.
　　Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.

3. Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?
　　○ They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.
　　○ They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.
　　○ Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.
　　○ Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.

該題涉及原文中的三個(gè)段落：推理對(duì)象位于第一段，而推理線索位于第三、四段。根據(jù)題干，閱讀第一段末句可知，北達(dá)科他州、南達(dá)科他州和德克薩斯州的風(fēng)力潛能極大，這勢(shì)必說明這三個(gè)州擁有某種發(fā)展風(fēng)力發(fā)電的有利條件。
　　在此基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)題干轉(zhuǎn)向第三、四段尋找相關(guān)線索，可定位到第四段首句Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds，這說明以上三個(gè)州的風(fēng)力必定很穩(wěn)定。因此選項(xiàng)2為正確答案。

Paragraph 5:

Rome’s debt to Greece was enormous. The Romans adopted Greek religion and moral philosophy. In literature, Greek writers were consciously used as models by their Latin successors. It was absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek. In speculative philosophy and the sciences, the Romans made virtually no advance on early achievements.

Paragraph 6:

Yet it would be wrong to suggest that Rome was somehow a junior partner in Greco-Roman civilization. The Roman genius was projected into new spheres — especially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensions that arose within the Roman state produced literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.

12. Which of the following statements about leading Roman soldiers and statesmen is supported by paragraphs 5 and 6?
　　○ They could read and write the Greek language.
　　○ They frequently wrote poetry and plays.
　　○ They focused their writing on military matters.
　　○ They wrote according to the philosophical laws of the Greeks.

根據(jù)題干，可輕松定位到第六段末句，閱讀后可知該題的推理對(duì)象與寫作有關(guān)。之后轉(zhuǎn)向第五段尋找相關(guān)線索，可定位至該段第三、四句。將以上幾句相聯(lián)系后可知，許多高階羅馬軍人和政治家都是寫作高手，而羅馬人在文學(xué)上有意識(shí)地效仿希臘作家，受過良好教育的羅馬人應(yīng)該精通希臘語，所以這些軍人和政治家必然精通希臘語（寫作高手必定受過良好教育）。因此正確答案為選項(xiàng)1。

通過以上例題分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，多段型推理題看似復(fù)雜，但解題方法與普通推理題大同小異：首先根據(jù)題干定位到一個(gè)段落中的推理對(duì)象，從中解讀出需要關(guān)于某一方面的推理線索（如關(guān)于發(fā)展風(fēng)力發(fā)電的有利條件、關(guān)于寫作），再到另一個(gè)段落中定位該線索，將推理對(duì)象和推理線索相聯(lián)系，便可得出所需的結(jié)論，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

新通暑期托福、雅思學(xué)習(xí)課程

現(xiàn)在報(bào)讀新通暑假班，并在學(xué)完之后三個(gè)月內(nèi)考出成績(jī)刷新學(xué)霸記錄，即可獲得新通學(xué)霸獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。此外，現(xiàn)在報(bào)名暑假班，還能享受最高減免7000元的折扣優(yōu)惠。