一招搞定托福閱讀，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞

托福閱讀的文章一般都很長(zhǎng)，細(xì)節(jié)眾多，其中事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題可以說是難度較大的題目之一，需要對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容有很好的掌握。但事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題又是托福閱讀中所占比例較大的題型，時(shí)間緊、任務(wù)重，要如何拿下呢？小編給大家分享事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的破題秘訣！

【鎖定關(guān)鍵詞-找到輻射區(qū)】

事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題建議大家采用“鎖定關(guān)鍵詞-找到輻射區(qū)”的方法來解答事實(shí)題，我們一起來了解一下這種方法：

細(xì)節(jié)題題目一般都會(huì)就文章中的一個(gè)名詞或者一項(xiàng)事實(shí)來提問，該名詞或事實(shí)就是“signpost word(s)”，即所謂的關(guān)鍵詞；托福閱讀的題目一般都會(huì)針對(duì)某一段提問，建議大家在確認(rèn)了關(guān)鍵詞之后，回到對(duì)應(yīng)段落，通過“scanning”及掃讀的方式，迅速定位到原文中的關(guān)鍵詞處，將關(guān)鍵詞上下幾句劃為輻射區(qū)進(jìn)行研究，提高做題效率。

【例題練習(xí)】

一起來看例題，將這個(gè)方法應(yīng)用到實(shí)戰(zhàn)中來吧。

題目

1. The period discussed in the passage isreferred to as an “explosion” because it

A occurred 0.6 billion years ago, late inEarth’s history

B was characterized by the unusually fastevolution of many new life-forms

C was characterized by widespread animalextinction

D was characterized by violent volcaniceruptions

題目問的是，文章中討論的這一時(shí)期之所以被稱為“大爆發(fā)”是因?yàn)槭裁础?/p>

這篇閱讀文章是圍繞著“寒武紀(jì)生物大爆發(fā)”展開內(nèi)容的。在本題目，explosion就是我們所說的關(guān)鍵詞。

原文中與本題對(duì)應(yīng)的段落內(nèi)容如下： 

The geologic timescale is marked bysignificant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, theorigin of eukaryotic life-forms (living things that have cells with truenuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period.Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last10 percent of Earth’s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-yearperiod, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are nowextinct) evolved. This rapid origin and diversification of animals is oftenreferred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

內(nèi)容很多，通過掃讀，我們看到explosion這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)在段落最后，我們將本關(guān)鍵詞前的兩句話定為輻射區(qū)，即：

During a geologically brief100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animalsthat are now extinct) evolved. This rapid origin and diversification of animalsis often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

解讀一下輻射區(qū)的意思：

在短暫的一億年的地質(zhì)學(xué)周期中，所有現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物群（包括現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)滅絕的生物）都進(jìn)化了。

這次快速的動(dòng)物起源和動(dòng)物種類多樣化情況產(chǎn)生的時(shí)期常常被稱為“寒武紀(jì)大爆發(fā)”。

我們了解到，這一時(shí)期的特征就是動(dòng)物種類多樣化，動(dòng)物發(fā)展的速度快，這也是這一時(shí)期被稱為“大爆發(fā)”的緣由。

研究選項(xiàng)： 

A occurred 0.6 billion years ago, late inEarth’s history

A 表示這一時(shí)期之所以被稱為“大爆發(fā)”是因?yàn)樗�發(fā)生在六億年前，是在地球歷史的晚期。

本選項(xiàng)不對(duì)，是否被稱為“大爆發(fā)”，與出現(xiàn)的時(shí)期無關(guān)。

B was characterized by the unusually fastevolution of many new life-forms

B 表示這一時(shí)期之所以被稱為“大爆發(fā)”是因?yàn)檫@段時(shí)期的特征是很多生命形式以不同尋常的速度進(jìn)化演變

B正確，它提到了這一時(shí)期之所以被稱為“大爆發(fā)”的兩個(gè)原因“很多的生命形式”以及“不同尋常的速度”，與原文輻射區(qū)相吻合。

C was characterized by widespread animalextinction

C 表示這一時(shí)期之所以被稱為“大爆發(fā)”是因?yàn)檫@段時(shí)期的特征是很多動(dòng)物都滅絕了。

C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，動(dòng)物滅絕和“大爆發(fā)”是相悖的。

D was characterized by violent volcaniceruptions

D表示這一時(shí)期之所以被稱為“大爆發(fā)”是因?yàn)檫@段時(shí)期的特征是火山爆發(fā)的情況很嚴(yán)重。注意：volcanic: 火山的，eruption: 爆發(fā)。因此，D也不對(duì)，輻射區(qū)沒有提到火山的問題，而且它與被稱為“大爆發(fā)”的原因也不吻合。

托福閱讀疑問咨詢：400-618-0272    

本題選擇B。

2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than toother types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it onceoccupied.

題目問的是，從文章第一段看，以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在描述皮吉特我愛灣白尾鹿的時(shí)候表述是正確的？

這篇文章是圍繞著皮吉特灣的鹿群展開內(nèi)容的。在本題中，white-tailed deer就是我們所說的關(guān)鍵詞（短語）。

原文中與本題對(duì)應(yīng)的段落內(nèi)容如下：

Two species of deer have been prevalent inthe Puget Sound area of Washington state in the Pacific Northwest of the UnitedStates. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer ofeastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times wascommon in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshyislands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

通過掃讀，我們看到white-tailed deer這個(gè)詞（短語），將本關(guān)鍵詞（短語）后面的三個(gè)分句定為輻射區(qū)，即：

…white-tailed deer, in earlier times wascommon in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshyislands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

解讀一下輻射區(qū)的意思：

白尾鹿早前在開闊的草原是很常見的，但是現(xiàn)在它們的居住范圍縮小至哥倫比亞河流下游的低地沼澤及沖積平原。

從輻射區(qū)我們了解到，白尾鹿曾經(jīng)的活動(dòng)范圍比現(xiàn)在大得多，現(xiàn)在和以前的生活地區(qū)有所不同。

研究選項(xiàng)：

A. It is native to lowlands andmarshes.

A表示白尾鹿是在低地及沼澤土生土長(zhǎng)的。這與輻射區(qū)”in earlier times was common in the open prairie country”不符，A錯(cuò)誤。

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than toother types of deer.

B表示白尾鹿與騾鹿有近親關(guān)系，和輻射區(qū)內(nèi)容無關(guān)，且與第一段中” The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the muledeer of eastern Washington”（黑尾鹿是騾鹿的近親）相悖，B錯(cuò)誤。

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

C表示在開闊的草原地區(qū)，白尾鹿被黑尾鹿取代了。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是無中生有的選項(xiàng)。C錯(cuò)誤。

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it onceoccupied.

D表示白尾鹿現(xiàn)在的居住地和以前的居住地不一樣。與輻射區(qū)意思相符，選擇D。

重復(fù)一下，托福閱讀的信息量很大，如果在解事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)把所有信息都吃透再做題，會(huì)導(dǎo)致時(shí)間不夠，我們可以采用“鎖定關(guān)鍵詞-找到輻射區(qū)”的方法來解答這類題，把需要理解的信息的包圍圈縮小，吃透該范圍內(nèi)與關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，有助于我們迅速作出正確答案。

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