托福寫作中的“DO”&"DO NOT"

托福寫作并不是等價(jià)于我們?cè)趯W(xué)校中所接觸到的英語(yǔ)作文，在ETS考官的眼中，托福ESSAY是學(xué)術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，是能夠體現(xiàn)學(xué)生將來(lái)在大學(xué)與研究生學(xué)習(xí)中論文等學(xué)術(shù)寫作能力的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試。 所以大家一定要注意不要陶醉于華而不實(shí)的長(zhǎng)句子，或者寫意的表述。 要的是重理有據(jù)~

需要能盡量做到的一些事項(xiàng)：

1.Write Concise Sentences 用盡量簡(jiǎn)潔有力的句子

Avoidtoo many prepositions(to,of,in,from,for) andbe-verbs (is,are,was,were)

DNoà The type ofstudent in ENG111 class isonewho writes essays that areformal and academic.

CYesà An ENG 111 student writes formal,academic essays.

2.Write an eye-catching introductionand interesting conclusion 有吸引力的開頭以及能讓人有所思的結(jié)尾

•An introduction is an opportunity to make a positive first impression—a strongintroduction can make up for weaknesses in the body.

•Remember that the conclusion is the writer’s last chance toinfluence the audience’s evaluation of his/her ideas—your instructor determinesyour grade soon after reading your conclusion.

3. Include a thesis that reflects youropinion 主題要能表達(dá)自己的想法 (論據(jù)貼合主題)

•Academic writing is about the writer’s ability to demonstrate thinking—instructor**pect your thesis to reflect your own ideas.

4.Use transitionsbetween paragraphs 在段與段中用轉(zhuǎn)接副詞，這點(diǎn)國(guó)內(nèi)同學(xué)大多都很注意，但是還是要注意細(xì)致區(qū)分不同轉(zhuǎn)折副詞間存在的細(xì)微差別

Transitionsprovide the stepping stones your readers need to follow your thinking path.

Without transitions, your paragraphs willjump from one idea to the next, forcing your readers to guess how the ideasrelate.

5.Provide examplesto support any opinions expressed. 詳 細(xì)的例子!! 這一點(diǎn)尤為重要，不少同學(xué)總把例子和觀點(diǎn)混淆。這里的例子是指具體的例子， 大家想例子的時(shí)候可以考 慮：where when why how等細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。 之前在跟Professor討論 論文的時(shí)候， Pro有提到，你在寫作時(shí)可以想象自己是律師， 而讀者則是陪審團(tuán)和法官，你的舉得例子就是自己的證據(jù)， 你要用大量真實(shí)可靠的證據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)服他們。

 Ifyou say, “Parentstoday do not discipline their children enough,” your readers expect you to show them whatyou mean with some examples.

6. Use collegelevelvocabulary使用學(xué)術(shù)詞匯

A student recently submitted an essaythat stated, “The whole house smelled like pee.”

Isn’t there a more sophisticated word? (Obviously“urine” is the college-level equivalen

7. Proofread your work for errors 盡量減少寫作中的錯(cuò)誤

Excessiveerrors can hinder your communication of ideas.

在寫作的過(guò)程中盡量避免拼寫錯(cuò)誤和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤

因?yàn)殡y以保證能預(yù)留充足的時(shí)間檢查，寫從句時(shí)一定要邊寫變清晰的確定主謂賓， 因?yàn)楹芏嗤�鞋都�?huì)在寫長(zhǎng)從句時(shí)出現(xiàn)雙謂語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象。

接下來(lái)則是托福寫作中需要盡量避免的。

1. Use clichés 陳詞濫調(diào) 這一點(diǎn) 很多童鞋很難避免 尤其在考試中有時(shí)候要湊字?jǐn)?shù)， 但是還是要在平時(shí)練習(xí)中盡量避免，用詳細(xì)的例子來(lái)增加篇幅，而不是無(wú)意義的空話，尤其一些大家都愛用的插入語(yǔ)

2.Make announcements to the reader 向讀者表述自己接下來(lái)要干嘛。。。這一點(diǎn)在一些essay中讀到過(guò)，這樣的寫法啰嗦且乏味

比如，在開頭寫：In this essay I will.... 或者在結(jié)尾寫： By the end of this essay, I will.

3. Address the reader or use “YOU” 盡量不要用第二人稱。

Do NOT use 2nd person “YOU” when writingacademic essays.

在北美學(xué)術(shù)寫作中， 筆者的態(tài)度應(yīng)該保持客觀而不是情緒化， 在北美讀者的眼中，用第二人稱好比直接指代或者挑釁讀者。

What’s wrong with “YOU”?

A: It does not apply to everyone, and therefore writers excludemany of their readers.

4 State the obvious 不要用一些人盡皆知且與論點(diǎn)沒有太多關(guān)系的事實(shí)來(lái)作為例子，或者理由，比如我媽媽是女生之類的，這個(gè)算是極端的，但有些乍一看還蠻像個(gè)站得住腳的觀點(diǎn)，這時(shí)候大家就判斷這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)與自己要闡述的中心是否符合

•“Menand women are different”

•“Many babies are born each year”

•“Somedecisions can be difficult to make”

•“Everyone has felt angry sometime”

•“Carsprovide transportation for many people…”

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