一定要注意托福聽(tīng)力中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞

托福聽(tīng)力題目的考查方向是有規(guī)律的，我們把這些規(guī)律叫做原則，比如開(kāi)頭原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)原則，轉(zhuǎn)折原則，建議原則等，今天我們簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)一下重復(fù)原則的應(yīng)用。

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重復(fù)原則，顧名思義，即關(guān)注反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞。在主旨題中可以幫助我們做出判斷。主旨題中90%以上是在開(kāi)頭呈現(xiàn)的，呈現(xiàn)方式有直接展開(kāi)和間接展開(kāi)，比如OK，we’re going to focus on …XY 就是直接展開(kāi)，我們?cè)谶x項(xiàng)中定位XY或是XY的同義表達(dá)即可。間接展開(kāi)則是在開(kāi)頭講故事或是較長(zhǎng)的例子，然后說(shuō)出主旨。這類文章我們需要關(guān)注反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞或詞組(尤其是專有名詞)的解釋，再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)一下，是詞的解釋，而不是重復(fù)的詞本身，通常選項(xiàng)會(huì)避免出現(xiàn)原詞，而以詞的解釋形式出現(xiàn)，考查你對(duì)概念的理解。

例如：

Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to

you. You may have seen, for example, a bird that’s in the middle of a mating

ritual, and suddenly it stops and preens, you know, takes a few moments to

straighten its feathers, and then returns to the mating ritual. This kind of

behavior, this doing something that seems completely out of place, is what we

call a ‘Displacement Activity’. Displacement activities are activities that

animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives. If we take our

example from a minute ago, if the bird is afraid of its mate, it’s conflicted. It

wants to mate but it’s also afraid and wants to run away. So, instead, it starts

grooming itself. So, the displacement activity, the grooming, the straightening

of its feathers, seems to be an irrelevant behavior. So, what do you think

another example of a displacement activity might be?

這篇文章的開(kāi)頭段沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)主旨，而是在舉例之后說(shuō)出主旨---displacement activities，并且后面重復(fù)了三次，所以是key words。

題目：

What is the lecture mainly about?

A. Methods of observing unusual animal behavior.

B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.

C. Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.

D. Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.

沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)有displacement activities，我們要關(guān)注的是它的解釋---(原文畫(huà)下劃線的部分)-- Displacement activities are activities that animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives. 解釋中的關(guān)鍵詞是 engage， conflicting drives，因此答案是C選項(xiàng)，其中engage同義轉(zhuǎn)換成behave。

因此，我們?cè)诼?tīng)到反復(fù)重復(fù)的詞時(shí)，不必細(xì)究詞本身，僅用縮寫(xiě)在筆記中標(biāo)注即可，但一定要記下這個(gè)詞的解釋當(dāng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，從而準(zhǔn)確定位正確選項(xiàng)。

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