托福寫作中如何巧用小詞短句

托福寫作考試中考生要在短短30分鐘內(nèi)，打出三四百字的文章，而且還要考官給高分，對于考生來說確實極有挑戰(zhàn)性，不僅需要考生扎實的打磨訓練，還要有合適的技巧才能得高分。專家為大家分享總結托福寫作如何巧用考官偏愛的小詞短句。知己知彼，才能百戰(zhàn)不殆。

語言的熟練運用，需要掌握寫作中的亮點句型句式，體現(xiàn)出句法的多樣性和詞匯選擇的恰當性。大家會注重句型句式的積累，但是，很多備戰(zhàn)的考生往往特別容易忽視寫作中的小詞。妙用小詞短句，必能巧勝托�？荚嚒�

本文主要結合大量高分學員習作案例總結歸納出比較對比，細化列舉及原因剖析上高分亮點小詞短句，助大家備考一臂之力。

一. 比較對比特征顯

比較對比是頗有表現(xiàn)力的論證方法，巧用小詞短句，方能活靈活現(xiàn)。

1.1 rather than

因此，人們并非積極進取，而是開始松懈，因為他們失去了工作的動力。老師也不例外。

Thus, rather than making progress, people star to wind down since they’ve lost their motivation for working; so would the teachers.(摘自學員滿分作文)

1.2 instead of

應該教孩子們?nèi)绾螐幕ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)獲取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩電腦游戲。

Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the internet.

1.3 compared with -A, A…;

A…,whereas / while -A …

 與書本相比，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)具有許多明顯的好處比如說高速，高效，易于操作等等。

Compared with books, the Internet enjoys many obvious advantages such as high speed, great efficiency, easy accessibility, to name just a few.

1.4 Not for……but for……

學生們從事兼職工作不是為了賺錢，而是為了更好地了解社會。

College students take up part-time jobs not for making more money, but for a better understanding of the society.

二、細化列舉例子顯

細化列舉是對主題句中的關鍵詞或關鍵情節(jié)的細化。表示細化列舉的小詞很有表現(xiàn)力，可以直接給出托福寫作中的核心部分：舉例子。這正是很多考生最為薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。靈活運用這類小詞，不僅句法上靈活豐富，而且例子鮮活充分，表達意思也更為豐滿，容易贏取高分。

2.1 including(such as….. like…..)

The mess media including TV, broadcast，newspaper，magazines，Internet，etc.

2.2 in view of ……

Granted, the development of economy does have much positive effect on every respect of a country. The modern life of us will be much better in view of the higher level school, lower priced merchants, advanced hospital and the more convenient transportation.

2.3 just imagine

 First of all, the benefits from the academic studies are of great significance. Just imagine what we have learned on the academic class: the mathematics, grammar, and the physics and so on. These are all basic knowledge and skills that are essential for further study and future career.

2.4 By doing sth(a+b+c), students can ….

The very first rationale for taking the economics course is that it makes people more matured and sensible. By learning about those economics conceptions, behaviors of customers and producers, the tax policy, especially the value and functions of money,(細化列舉) students would ponder and contemplate the idea that there’s no easy money existing in the world and that their parents have been striving hard for their living. Hence, their na?veté would gradually diminish, and they would correctly face the problem and setbacks in the society with a more sophisticated heart and judicious mind.

2.5 Even though a, b, c can trigger…..

Although all those fairytales, fantastic stories, stimulating scenes and magical effects indeed trigger children’s imagination, their endlessly soaring minds would make them reluctant to leave the untrue world.

先讓步，雖然能激發(fā)想象力，但是讓孩子們不愿意離開不現(xiàn)實的世界。 在讓步中進行了細化列舉 。

三. 原因剖析深度顯

托福官方指南OG第四版209頁明確要求托福寫作要給出充分的解釋(explanation)，而這個也是考官最為看重的內(nèi)容之一。刷過托�？荚嚨目忌�都知道，考官會在我們的成績單評語中評價我們有沒有給出充分的解釋，而剖析原因是最直接有效的解釋方式。掌握剖析原因的小詞對于寫作獲勝頗為關鍵。

3.1 on the grounds that(基于…理由)
　　(on the ground that, on grounds that)
　　Liu Dehua refused to answer questions about his relationship/wife on the grounds that it may disturb their tranquil life.

3.2 ...can be attributed to...(+名詞......可以歸因于……)
　　This difference can be attributed/ascribed to the cultural background.

3.3 For the sake of 也表示因果關系
　　Improve or bring advantage to 所以它的意思更接近于英文的for the purpose of helping/ improving。例如：
　　Many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the purpose of improving their health.
　　Many elderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the sake of their health.

3.4 by virtue of意思是“通過......來......”， 也可靈活運用表示因果關系。
　　她的成功是因為她的運氣而非天賦。
　　She succeeded by virtue of her lucy rather than her talent.

3.5 Given...， In view of ...和In light of 三個表達都是“考慮到，鑒于.....”的意思，后面跟名詞或者名詞短語，也是用來引出因果關系的精品。
　　鑒于工作壓力的逐漸增加，他打算犧牲高薪工作來換取更多的空閑時間。
　　Given/in view of/in light of the mounting pressure at work, he would sacrifice his high-paying job in exchange for more leisure time.

希望大家巧用這三個方面的小詞短句，致勝托福寫作!

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