【干貨】SAT閱讀長難句案例剖析

1、But because ColonialWilliamsburg offers not a segment of the history of a fine art, but a model ofan ongoing community, it is intelligible and interesting to nearly everybody.

【主干】Williamsburg offers not a segment„.. but a model„
　　【難點】主要語法結(jié)構(gòu)是not---but---，難點在于后面的限定成分，segment of the history of a fine art，model of an ongoingcommunity。
　　【翻譯】由于殖民時代的威廉斯堡呈現(xiàn)的不是極品藝術(shù)的某一片段，而是呈現(xiàn)一個正在進行的藝術(shù)模型，它對每個人來說幾乎都是可以理解和有趣的。

2、(1)That such radicaladaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active ratherthan programmed and static, (2)a supremely efficient adaptive system geared forevolution and change, (3)ceaselessly adapting to the needs of theorganism----its need, above all, to construct a coherent self and world,whatever defects or disorders of brain function befall it.

【主干】that„demands a view of„.rather than„..，
　　【難點】將此句話分為三部分，第一部分首先是That引導(dǎo)的主語從句，rather than連接兩個對比：dynamic and active和programmedand static，第二部分以及第三部分都是對第一部分“radical adaptations”的補充和說明
　　【翻譯】劇烈的適應(yīng)可能會發(fā)生，這要求我們把大腦看作是動態(tài)的，活躍的，以及無比有效的適應(yīng)性系統(tǒng)，這個系統(tǒng)適應(yīng)變化和發(fā)展，永無止境地調(diào)整自己以適應(yīng)生物體的需要（它首要的需要是構(gòu)建和諧的自身與環(huán)境，無論什么大腦缺陷和疾病降臨在它頭上），而不是把它看作是預(yù)先編制好的，靜態(tài)的系統(tǒng)。

3、This sense of thebrain’s remarkable plasticity , its capacity for the most striking adaptations,not the least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural orsensory mishap , has come to dominate my own perception of my patients andtheir lives.

【主干】This sense of plasticity„. has come to dominate my„.
　　【難點】在句子的主干之間插入很長的限定成分，its capacity for the most striking adaptations, notthe least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural orsensory mishap都是對the brain’s remarkable plasticity的補充說明。
　　【翻譯】大腦有非同尋常的可塑性，它不僅僅在特定的（常常令人絕望的）神經(jīng)或者感覺災(zāi)難下有驚人的調(diào)整能力，這一認識支配了我對病人和他們生活的看法。

4、For instance, thevery woman (1)who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of thefemale heart(2) he showed in his novels were appalled to discover howinsensitive and awkward the real man could be.

【主干】the woman were appalled to discover how„..the real man could be.
　　【難點】本句的主要難點在于多個限制修飾成分將句子的主謂割開，其中定語從句(1)修飾的是the very woman；定語從句(2)修飾的是penetratingintuition，這兩個定語從句將主語woman與系動詞were割開，容易導(dǎo)致主謂混淆，分不清句子主干。
　　【翻譯】那些因為他小說中對女性極具穿透力的直覺與認識而被他吸引的女性，在顯示生活中驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)他是多么的遲鈍與笨拙。

5、However manydirectors and high officials of all sorts came and went , he was always seen inthe same place , at the very same duty, so that they used to declare that hemust have seen born a perpetual titular councilor in uniform all complete andwith a bald patch on his head.

【難點】本句話可以分為三部分，前面兩部分講兩種現(xiàn)象，后面一部分是這兩種現(xiàn)象所引起的結(jié)果，so that是如此。。。以至于；used to do：過去常常做某事，注意與be used to do sth以及be used to doing sth 的區(qū)分。
　　【翻譯】盡管各種各樣的主管和高官來了又走，只有他依然待在原來的位置，履行同樣的職責(zé)，以至于人們過去常常認為他一定是生下來就是一個穿著整套制服，頭頂稍禿的終身榮譽顧問。

6、The Grateful Deadfor whom I once wrote songs, learned by accident that if we let fans tapeconcerts and freely reproduce those tapes---―stealing‖ our intellectual―property‖ just like those heinous Napsterians -the tapes would become amarketing virus that would spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium inAmerica.

【主干】The Grateful Dead„. learned that „.
　　【難點】本句的難點在于that后很長的賓語從句，if 后面引導(dǎo)兩個動作：let fans tape concerts；freely reproduce thosetapes，“stealing” ourintellectual “property” just like those heinous Napsterians是對這兩種行為的補充說明，the tapes would become a marketing virus是我們允許這兩種行為會導(dǎo)致的后果，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾marketing virus
　　【翻譯】我曾經(jīng)為之寫過歌曲的Grateful Dead偶然認識到，如果我們讓歌迷錄制音樂會，并且自由復(fù)制這些磁帶----就像可惡的使用
Napsterians（一種允許用戶從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)免費下載音樂唱片的服務(wù)）的人一樣“盜竊”我們的知識“財產(chǎn)”----這些磁帶就會像市場病毒一樣四處蔓延，使全美國的所有音樂場都充滿“免費入場者”。

7、Scent for many of uscan be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammarrequires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are promoted to utterabout animals’ tracking.

【主干】Scent can be only a expression
　　【難點】此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，包含兩個定語從句，一個原因狀語從句，一個賓語從句，一個目的狀語從句。。第一定語從句，先行詞是expression，定語從句是that we use. 第二個定語從句先行詞是sentences，定語從句是we are promoted，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that(因為做賓語)，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語，解釋 we use a theoretical ,technical expression 的原因。thatwe have a noun to go in„.是requires的賓語；
　　to utter aboutanimals’ tracking 是不定式做目的狀語。
　　【翻譯】氣味對于我們很多人來說，僅僅是一個理論或者技術(shù)上的術(shù)語，我們使用它是因為當我們說出一個句子來描述動物的跟蹤活動的時候，語法要求我們提供一個名詞。

8、The concept of twowarring souls within the body of the Black American was as meaningful for DuBois at the end of his years as editor of Crisis, the official journal of theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP), as when hehad first used the image at the start of the century.

【主干】The concept„.was as meaningful„as
　　【難點】本句話的難點在于，不僅有眾多修飾語，而且還出現(xiàn)了三個as. 其中第一個與第三個構(gòu)成as„as„結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個as的意思是“作為„„”；theofficial journal of the National Association for the Advancement of ColoredPeople(NAACP)這么一長串全是對“Crisis”的修飾，atthe end of his years與at the start of the century都是做的時間狀語。
　　【翻譯】杜波斯在世紀之初提到了在美國黑人軀體中同時存在相沖突的兩種思想的理念，這個理念一直伴隨著他，直到他離開《危機》雜志（有色人種前進運動全國聯(lián)盟NAACP的官方期刊）的主編位置。

9、(1)Perhaps the most devastating single criticism of theauthenticity of the museum design(2)has been that(3)excavationof the original villa site has been so incomplete that there is insufficientknowledge available even to attempt a legitimate re-creation.

【主干】the most devastating single criticism„. has been that„.there is insufficient knowledge.
　　【難點】可以將此句話分為三部分，第一部分是主語部分，第二部分是是謂語，第三部分是that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。表語從句中嵌有一個so„.that„.句型
　　【翻譯】關(guān)于博物館設(shè)計的真實性方面最具殺傷力的批評，或許是對原有villa遺址的發(fā)掘還遠未結(jié)束，還沒有足夠的知識來進行合理的仿制。

10、Thebelief that it is harmful to the Black community for authors to explore thehumanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.

【主干】The belief„..can have troubling effects
　　【難點】that引導(dǎo)的是belief的同位語，在同位語句子中，it做的是形式主語，真正的主語是to explore the humanity of our leaders。所以同位語部分可以改寫為to explore the humanity of our leaders is harmful to the Blackcommunity.這樣這句話就容易理解了。
　　【翻譯】認為作家探索領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人人性的行為會對黑人群體造成傷害的觀點可能帶來麻煩。

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