【教師】托福閱讀之句子簡化題

托福閱讀考試總共3篇文章，十種題型，總分30分。最近的考試顯示十種題型中的指代題因為題目難度小，出現(xiàn)的頻率越來越少，細(xì)節(jié)題或者詞匯題相應(yīng)增加一題。這篇文章主要探討的是十大題型中的長句解析題，即句子簡化題。
　　 很多考生拿到句子簡化題的一瞬間，就開始發(fā)暈。一個長難句，四個選項也是四個長句，然后從四個選項中選出表達(dá)意思一致的答案。題型如下：

Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.

9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.
　　○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.
　　○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.
　　○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

常規(guī)的解題方法一般是翻譯，一字一句翻譯。詞匯優(yōu)秀，理解水平比較好的同學(xué)還能解析出句子意思：與那個太平洋人很多都是玻利尼西亞人偶然迷失和漂流而定居下來的說法相反的是，這些功績是通過有意的殖民遠(yuǎn)征來實現(xiàn)的，他們準(zhǔn)備周詳，出發(fā)時滿載食物、已馴化的植物和動物。

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那么，如果詞匯不過關(guān)，比如maroon，adrift，feat， expedition，domesticated都不認(rèn)識的情況，是否還能解出這道題呢？答案是完全可以。

句子簡化題的做題方法不在于每個單詞都讀懂，整句話全部翻譯，如果是這樣，那就不叫句子“簡化”題了！既然是簡化，當(dāng)然是讀得越簡單越好！做句子簡化題時，最重要的是兩點，一邏輯關(guān)系，二信息點。拿到題目時，首先通讀，理解的時候，抓住邏輯關(guān)系，這句話是因果，轉(zhuǎn)折，對比，并列還是遞進。
　　其次撇去不認(rèn)識，無法理解的修飾性成分，如形容詞，副詞和后置定語，抓住句子的主干部分，把句子骨架解析出來。比如以上這道題，contrary to說明應(yīng)為對比的邏輯關(guān)系，兩種相反觀點的對比。那馬上就要解析是哪兩種觀點，相反點在哪里。第

一個觀點認(rèn)為這些人（沒有必要知道是波利尼西亞人）是偶然間定居的，第二種觀點認(rèn)為是故意定居的，對立點找到，意思完整，能解析出這個框架，題目就能解答出來了。選項中，只要信息點在，答案在。錯誤的選項要么漏失了重要的信息點，要么信息點錯誤。說到底，這道題目就是兩個詞匯accidentally和deliberate。

切記沒有必要一定要把每個單詞全部翻譯出來。完整的翻譯對于句子簡化題反而會減慢做題速度。

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