雅思寫作6分必備—如何對論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行拓展

關(guān)鍵字雅思寫作6分必備雅思考試寫作6分必備

2014-03-31 來源：新通外語網(wǎng)igo99.cn 作者：李智勇閱讀量：手機(jī)閱讀

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最近看了一位雅思寫作老師錄制的視頻，視頻的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于中國考生雅思寫作平均分?jǐn)?shù)排名的。我驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于屢遭戰(zhàn)火洗禮的伊拉克學(xué)生來說，他們的雅思寫作成績竟然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于我們中國的學(xué)生（5.2分）。這讓我這位從事英語教學(xué)多年的老師又一次感慨我們國內(nèi)英語教育的弊端。同時，我又以我教授過學(xué)生的優(yōu)秀表現(xiàn)而自豪。因?yàn)樯衔艺n的學(xué)生都知道，我對他們最低的要求是寫作考試不要低于5.5分，因?yàn)榈陀?.5分，那就意味著你在拖中國人的后腿。所以，在過去的幾個月內(nèi)，新通外語天津分校有十幾名我教授過寫作的考生，雅思寫作成功超過6分。我以他們?yōu)楹�，因�(yàn)樗麄兘o中國人的綜合排名又做出了貢獻(xiàn)。

雅思界一直在爭論中國學(xué)生的雅思寫作短板。作為老師，我也一次次目睹了一些國內(nèi)學(xué)生如何成為日益火熱的雅思戰(zhàn)爭中的犧牲品。一個申請牛津的學(xué)生，平均分達(dá)到了7，閱讀和聽力達(dá)到了8分，在最后寫作這一項(xiàng)，卻只有5分。因?yàn)閷懽鞒煽儾粔�，他最終只能放棄申請牛津.......類似的例子不勝枚舉。這樣一個個鮮活的例子，一直是我在雅思寫作上努力走在雅思寫作培訓(xùn)前言的動力。我不斷告誡自己，一定要通過自己的努力，讓學(xué)生告別雅思5分的時代，一定要讓學(xué)生考到6分。時至今日，看一下我最近學(xué)生發(fā)來的成績單，我為學(xué)生的好成績感到喜悅。

我之前一直在發(fā)表雅思寫作的文章，大多數(shù)是討論如何突破雅思寫作6分。今天我也繼續(xù)回歸老話題，談一下如何在論點(diǎn)延伸上，教學(xué)生達(dá)到6分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

無論是對于5.5分班還是6分班，論據(jù)拓展是我雅思寫作課堂上一項(xiàng)必教的內(nèi)容。之所以這么重視論據(jù)的延伸，主要是因?yàn)樵谕甑慕虒W(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)雅思寫作上6分的學(xué)生中，每個人都熟知我教授給他們的雅思論據(jù)延伸，并且每個人都會靈活應(yīng)用。我們中國有句話，叫做“言而有據(jù)”，這句話在雅思寫作中，是非常重用的。然而，論據(jù)的延伸，在雅思寫作中，卻沒有引起多數(shù)學(xué)生和老師的重視。正如之前我寫文章指出的一樣，多數(shù)寫作課程只重視學(xué)生對于單詞的把握，卻忽視學(xué)生對于句子的把握；我這次想指出的是，多數(shù)寫作課程只注重教給學(xué)生如何寫出論點(diǎn)，而并沒有教會給學(xué)生如何對論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有效延伸，使語言不要顯得那么蒼白無力。

論點(diǎn)的延伸的重要性是毋庸置疑的。在雅思寫作真題考官的評論中，我們可以經(jīng)�？吹竭@樣的話“Generally, the arguments the candidates make have been explained, extended and supported...” 我們需要注意三個單詞，就是explained, extended和supported. 這就是所謂的支持句。在考官眼中，考生對論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合理的展開是一項(xiàng)重要的評分依據(jù)。

那么如何能夠?qū)τ谡擖c(diǎn)進(jìn)行有效的展開呢？下面將一一進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

雅思寫作6分必備方法一：因果展開

顧名思義，因果展開就是考試?yán)帽硎疽蚬P(guān)系的連接詞或者關(guān)系詞來進(jìn)行展開。常用的詞語包括： because, so, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, hence, as a result of, due to, thanks to等等。

具體使用方法如下：

例1：Many innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. (論點(diǎn)句)

This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who have enough money to impose changes that are in their own interest. (因果展開句)

雅思寫作6分必備方法二：舉例展開

距離展開就是通過使用for example, for instance, such as, take... as a vivid example, to illustrate等來進(jìn)行拓展。

例2: To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to the travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.

雅思寫作6分必備方法三: 對比或類比展開

對比就是通過使用by contrast, on the contrary, whereas, while 等進(jìn)行論述。類比即使通過使用similarly, likewise等單詞進(jìn)行論述。

例3：A young adult who passes directly from high school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spend some tine earning a living or traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

雅思寫作6分必備方法四：讓步展開

讓步就是通過使用although, even though, even if等進(jìn)行展開。

例4：In my country, many advertising companies produce advertisements with famous and popular actors or singers. People, especially youngsters, buy goods that their favorite singer or actor advertises, although they do not really need the products.

Those who believe teenagers are the happiest people cite their lack of responsibilities as a significant factor. They are supported financially and emotionally by their parents, and although they may be included in family decisions, they are not ultimately responsible.

雅思寫作6分必備方法五：通過假設(shè)

例5：Today education has become a priority for many parents seeking to secure a good future for their children in this rapidly changing world. They believe that if their children work hard at school, then they will increase their opportunities for going to higher education and eventually getting a good job.

雅思寫作6分必備方法六：通過下定義

例6：They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children group up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.

以上六種展開的方法，可以給毫無寫作思路的烤鴨們進(jìn)行一定的提示和參考。然而，靈活掌握和應(yīng)用才是關(guān)鍵，這就需要真正理解這些展開方法所使用的語境。