TPO托福閱讀真題講解（二）

Paragraph 4

The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines." With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them（與D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)意思矛盾）, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions（是C選項(xiàng)中的Opportunities for advancement的一種同義表達(dá)）, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of setting up one's own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.

4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to
　　○Support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories
　　○To show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery
　　○Argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
　　○Emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints

解析：注意本段中的前兩句話The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules.（經(jīng)歷這些變化的第一代工作無法很容易就能采取這些新態(tài)度。工廠中的鐘表變成了新的工作秩序的象征。
　　然后，就是mill worker所發(fā)出的抱怨了。隨后，With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community這句話又表現(xiàn)出個(gè)人自由的喪失意味著在社會(huì)中地位的喪失。這一切都說明了，第一代工人是多么地不適這種工廠環(huán)境。因此，答案應(yīng)為：A。

5. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as consequences of the new system for workers EXCEPT a loss of
　　○Freedom　　○Status in the community
　　○Opportunities for advancement
　　○Contact among workers who were not managers
　　解析：看一下綠色陰影部分，可知本題應(yīng)該選D。

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Paragraph 5

In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades' Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike* or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 185O’s, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.

6. The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to
　　○Made progress　　○B(yǎng)ecame active　　○Caused changes　　○Combined forces

解析：題干中momentum意為“動(dòng)力，沖力”。因此，gathered some momentum意為“聚集一些動(dòng)力”，再看一下這句話后面的句子but（通常含有but的句子，在句義表達(dá)上都與前面表達(dá)的意思相反） in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed，由此可推知get momentum應(yīng)該為collapsed的反義詞。因此，答案應(yīng)為A。

7. The word spearheaded in the passage is closest in meaning to
　　○Led　　○Accepted　　○Changed　　○Resisted

解析：注意一下本題中的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers。根據(jù)上文，從這句話中可知the union movement為應(yīng)為一個(gè)人所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一次運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此，正確答案應(yīng)為A。

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