深度剖析托福聽力重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)

托福聽力中的細(xì)節(jié)題，通常占據(jù)總題數(shù)（34題）的三分之一，可見ETS考試中心的老師們有多關(guān)注這一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。而考過托福的同學(xué)都對細(xì)節(jié)題無可奈何，現(xiàn)在就不同的考生問題進(jìn)行深度分析，并給出建議。

問題1. 每次聽聽力總會有一串聽不懂的部分，但卻會在該部分出題。

首先，出現(xiàn)這種問題的同學(xué)大概都不會抓關(guān)鍵信息，所謂關(guān)鍵信息，就是能幫助聽者理解大致內(nèi)容的單詞和短語。在托福聽力中尤為重要的是動(dòng)詞和賓語。動(dòng)詞是表示主體和客體之間的關(guān)系，而賓語永遠(yuǎn)都是聽者需要focus的新信息。

例如：（TPO27 Music History） It(fungus) breaks down dead wood. But this particular fungus nibbles away only at certain layers in the wood, leaving other layers alone.

注意第二句話，these fungus（菌類）是已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的單詞，我們的關(guān)注重心是nibble away（慢慢腐蝕）和 layer in the wood（樹的某一層），最終剩余其他幾層。在做筆記時(shí)我們需要記得是nibble、layer wood和leaving other；有了這三組詞，再結(jié)合語境很快聯(lián)想到：菌類腐蝕某一層木頭，將剩余部分暴露出來。而細(xì)節(jié)題目：
　　The professor describes an experiment in which wood was exposed to a fungus before being made into a violin. What point does the professor make about the fungus?
　　A. it decomposes only certain parts of the wood
　　B. it was found only in the forests of northern Italy
　　C. it was recently discovered in a vintage Cremonese violin
　　D. it decomposes only certain species of trees

這樣答案很明顯是選項(xiàng)A，即是真菌分解樹木的局部部分。

因此我們的方法是：聽動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是動(dòng)詞和名詞，注意用箭頭表示動(dòng)詞。

問題2. 每次做四選二的題目都只做對一半。

犯這種問題的同學(xué)主要沒有抓住信號詞。經(jīng)過我總結(jié)后主要有以下兩種：

第一種：出現(xiàn)的信號詞：there are a couple of factors accounting for this phenomenon/ there are several reasons that…

當(dāng)聽到這種句子時(shí)，就是四選二細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)，因此在聽聽力時(shí)不要只聽一點(diǎn)，要當(dāng)心后面有also, plus, another, the other這些詞匯。只要抓住這點(diǎn)，題目正確率會提高。

例如：（TPO7 Geology）
　　Now, there are a couple of the factors that affect the amount of deformation that takes place or the speed of the glaciers movement for example. Deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ices, because of the gravity of the weight of the ice. And temperature also plays part here, in that cold ice does not move as easily as ice that is close to the melting point, in fact, it is not too different from… the way oil is, thicker at lower temperatures. So, if you had a glacier in a slightly warmer region, it will flow faster than the glacier in a cooler region.
　　 當(dāng)聽到there are a couple of factors that affect…我們知道有幾個(gè)因素可以影響到glacier deformation（冰川變形）第一點(diǎn)是與thickness 有關(guān)，支持句是：deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ice is. 第二點(diǎn)是與temperature有關(guān)，支持句是：temperature also plays part here. 因此我們得到的影響冰川deformation的因素是thickness 和 temperature

題目：What factors are involved in the amount of deformation a glacier undergoes?
　　Click on 2 answers
       A. The thickness of glacial ice
       B. The hardness of glacial ice
       C. The amount of water beneath the glacial ice
       D. The temperature of the glacial ice

通過以上的解釋很容易選出AD兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

第二種：當(dāng)出現(xiàn)not just…, the … also…

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不難想到是我們平時(shí)所熟悉的not only…but also…表示并列或遞進(jìn)，也就是需要兩點(diǎn)。

問題3. 看是看得懂，或者第二遍聽也能聽懂，但第一遍聽就是不能完全抓不住重點(diǎn)

針對這點(diǎn)，首先得鼓勵(lì)一下提出這種問題的同學(xué)，說明你們對單詞辨音和基本重點(diǎn)信號詞已經(jīng)掌握的很好，但對于一些句式結(jié)構(gòu)還是不能明確其作用。

第一類：主語從句表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
　　例1. What they do is spread out the weight of the foot coming down on the snow. See, the problem with walking on snow is that you sink in with every step.
　　例2. And what I, another think is that the loss of the wetlands has created the situation where the local temperatures in the area are not slightly different.

解析：對于以上例句，都是通過主語從句引出要說的重點(diǎn)，記筆記時(shí)當(dāng)聽到主語從句時(shí)千萬不要慌亂，要將后面的內(nèi)容認(rèn)真聽懂并記下來。

第二類：which結(jié)構(gòu)表示因果關(guān)系

注意：記筆記時(shí)，聽到這類結(jié)構(gòu)要用---> 表示因果關(guān)系
　　例1. In other words, its coat, its fur , turns from brown in the summer to white in the winter , which makes it harder for the hare‘s predators to see it against the white snow.
　　解析：which在講座中往往是表示因果關(guān)系，需要聽者將前后的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系起來理解。例如本句中：雪兔的皮毛由夏天的棕毛變成冬天的白毛，這使得捕食者很難在雪中發(fā)現(xiàn)。

第三類：it is… that…句型
　　在講座中，it is… that…表示因果關(guān)系
　　例1.  And it‘s the amount of daylight that triggers the changing of the hare‘s coat.
　　例2. It‘s the moving water itself that wears away at the rock and makes passageways.
　　例3. it‘s safe to say that it‘s sulfuric acid and not moving water that formed Lechuguilla cave and those few other ones like it.
　　解析：it is… that 句型大家都知道是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，但在托福聽力中，考生要理解為因果關(guān)系，如例2中：就是流動(dòng)水能腐蝕巖石和形成通道。那么考生應(yīng)該認(rèn)為moving water導(dǎo)致了通道的形成。

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