托福教師揭秘2014年托福聽力考點(diǎn)

一般來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)生在學(xué)校里接觸的聽力考試模式是先知道考題，學(xué)生就會(huì)帶著問題去聽，難度相對(duì)很小。對(duì)于托福聽力，我們不能預(yù)先知道考題，而且lecture篇章又長(zhǎng)，那如何去抓住考點(diǎn)呢?對(duì)于習(xí)慣于學(xué)校那種聽力模式的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，了解托福聽力考試的考點(diǎn)，出題模式就顯得相當(dāng)重要。學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)在不知道考題的前提下判斷出重點(diǎn)信息，聽懂并記錄下來(lái)。通過(guò)對(duì)托福聽力考題細(xì)致地分析和總結(jié)，我們可以總結(jié)出常見的幾大出題點(diǎn)。  

1. 主旨題

所有的lecture第一題都為主旨題，基本上所有的主旨題都會(huì)開門見山的提出來(lái)，教授通常先有一些引導(dǎo)的話，然后提出主題，常見表達(dá)方式：Now/Today, we are going to talk about…

例如: Okay, we’ve been discussing films in the 1920s and 30s, and how back then film categories, as we know them today, had not yet been established. We said that by today’s standards, many of the films of the 20s and 30s would be considered hybrids, that is, a mixture of styles that wouldn’t exactly fit into any of today’s categories, and in that context. Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.主旨題一定要學(xué)會(huì)抓關(guān)鍵詞，核心名詞。這里核心的名詞為a film-maker， unique ，Unique是the film-maker的特征，所以也就是the film-maker的style。記住這兩個(gè)單詞就可以選出答案A

What is the main purpose of the lecture?

l To discuss the style of an early filmmaker

l To describe different types of filmmaking in the 1930s

l To discuss the emergence of the documentary film

l To describe Painleve’s influence on today’s science-fiction films

通常主旨題的核心詞一定會(huì)在開頭體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，如果出現(xiàn)后來(lái)文章中提到的細(xì)節(jié)詞通常都是錯(cuò)的。這題中documentary film和science-fiction都是后來(lái)才提到的詞，只是文章的細(xì)節(jié)，并非主旨。

2. 舉例目的題  

舉例目的題在聽力考試中比重最大，常見的問題方式是 why does the professor mention XX? 題目的問到的例子都是教授為了論證他提出的一個(gè)重要的論點(diǎn)所舉的，所以每次聽到例子都要好好思考教授的目的。

例如：Well, Let's look at the blue warbler. The Blue warbler is a songbird that lives in North America. They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees. They actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees. So they pretty close to the ground, but these warblers also nest in the forests that have low shrub density. It is usually the younger warblers that nest in these areas because the preferred spots where a lot of shrubs are taken by the older more dominant birds. And the choice of habitat seems to affect the reproductive success. Because the older and more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests that the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.

此題中舉的例子為blue warbler，目的是研究the choice of habitat跟reproductive success的關(guān)系，所以此題答案為B

What does the professor illustrate with the example of the blue warbler?

A. The relationship between human activity and habitat loss

B. The relationship between habitat and reproductive success

C. The advantages of habitats with low vegetation density

D. The reproductive advantage that young warblers have over older warblers

3. 問答題  

因?yàn)橥懈Ｊ悄�擬歐美的真實(shí)課堂教學(xué)，所以lecture中經(jīng)常會(huì)聽到學(xué)生的提問，或者是教授對(duì)學(xué)生的提問。即使沒有學(xué)生問答，教授的一個(gè)講的lecture，教授也會(huì)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行設(shè)問，然后自己解答。問答經(jīng)常涉及考點(diǎn)。

例如：

Female student: But, what about run-off in the spring, when the snow finally melts? Won't the nutrients get washed away? Spring thaw always washes away soil, doesn't it?

Lecturer: Well, much of the soil is usually still frozen during peak run-off. And the nutrients are deep down in the active layer anyway, not high up near the surface, which is the part of the active layer most affected by run-off.

學(xué)生問nutrients會(huì)被春天的融雪washes away嗎?教授回答說(shuō)泥土還frozen，而且nutrients are deep down，所以意思就是nutrients不會(huì)washes away，得出的答案為B

Why are nutrients in the soil NOT carried away by spring runoff?

² The roots of shrubs prevent nutrient-filled soil from being washed away.

² Most nutrients are not in the area of the soil most affected by runoff.

² Most nutrients remain frozen in the permafrost when spring runoff is at its peak.

² Most nutrients have been absorbed by vegetation before the runoff period begins.

4. 細(xì)節(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)題  

很多學(xué)生喜歡抱怨說(shuō)lecture那么多細(xì)節(jié)，我怎么知道要考什么細(xì)節(jié)。事實(shí)上托福聽力考得細(xì)節(jié)題通常都有很明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)表達(dá)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的手法又有很多種，需要學(xué)生對(duì)不同的手法熟知，才能準(zhǔn)確的判斷出細(xì)節(jié)題，并做好筆記。

第一種轉(zhuǎn)折，最常用的詞為but，but后面才是重點(diǎn)。 請(qǐng)看例題

It’s pretty hard for me to really understand how long 30,000 years is too. I mean, we tend to think that people who lived at that time must have been pretty primitive. But I’m gonna show you some slides in a few minutes and I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive. They are masterpieces. And they look so real, so alive that it’s very hard to imagine that they are so very old.

文章中前面講primitive，用了轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，強(qiáng)調(diào)后面masterpieces，答案為A

What is the professor’s opinion about the art at the Chauvet cave?

l It is extremely well done

l It probably reflected artists’ religious beliefs

l It is less sophisticated than the art at Lascaux and Altamira

l It is probably not much older than the are at Lascaux and Altamira

第二種用形容詞或副詞修飾表強(qiáng)調(diào)，常用詞為important, interesting, key 等。例如：

But the formula for a well-made play required that the certain of these elements being included in a particular order. And most importantly, that everything in the plays be logically connected. In fact, some of these playwrights would start by writing the end of a play. And were “backward” toward the beginning, just to make sure each event led logically from what had gone before.

l 這里有形容詞most importantly，所以后面講的就非常重要，就是考點(diǎn)信息，對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)中的logical manner

1.according to the professor ,why did some playwrights write the end of a play before the beginning?

l To produce multiple scripts as quickly as possible

l To prevent the audience from using logic to guess the endings

l To avoid writing endings similar to those of other plays

l To ensure that the plot would develop in a logical manner

第四種在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do does，強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)的肯定或真實(shí)性

例如：The Blue warbler is a songbird that lives in North America. They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees. They actually nest in the shrubs, not the trees. So they pretty close to the ground, but these warblers also nest in the forests that have low shrub density. It is usually the younger warblers that nest in these areas because the preferred spots where a lot of shrubs are taken by the older more dominant birds. And the choice of habitat seems to affect the reproductive success. Because the older and more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests that the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.

此題的總結(jié)句說(shuō)棲息地的選擇確實(shí)有影響，用了does，教授想強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)reproductive success的影響，答案為B

What does the professor illustrate with the example of the blue warbler?

5. The relationship between human activity and habitat loss

6. The relationship between habitat and reproductive success

7. The advantages of habitats with low vegetation density

8. The reproductive advantage that young warblers have over older warblers

第五種語(yǔ)速放慢，重讀或提高音調(diào) 教授在講到重點(diǎn)的時(shí)候有時(shí)會(huì)放慢語(yǔ)速，目的是讓學(xué)生聽清楚，記下來(lái)

例如TPO6的第三篇其中一點(diǎn)And finally, you have an unregulated market place, no government constrains, where price could explode. 這句很明顯讀得很慢，很清楚，也就表達(dá)這句的信息很重要，一點(diǎn)要記下來(lái)

5. 語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度題  

此類題目多是重聽題，學(xué)生需要對(duì)文章中的某一句話進(jìn)行判斷，有時(shí)涉及到上下文的聯(lián)系。

Stu: It had a lot of art schools and artists who taught painting. There were, our book mentions classes for women artists. And it was a good place to go to study art.

Pro: If you want to become an artist, Paris was not a good place to go; Paris was THE place to go.

對(duì)話中教授的語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)烈，強(qiáng)調(diào)了the place，表示唯一的，所以答案為B，最重要的place

What does the professor mean when he says this?

A. Paris was a popular place to visit, but not the best place to study art

B. Paris was the most important place for an artist to study and work

C. Living in Paris was difficult for women artists from other countries

D. Studying in Paris was beneficial for some artists, but not for others.

以上為了重點(diǎn)總結(jié)的聽力5大考題，學(xué)會(huì)聽考點(diǎn)非常有利于學(xué)生在訓(xùn)練中抓住重點(diǎn)，記好筆記，也才能突破高分。

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