深度解讀托福綜合寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

關(guān)鍵字托福托�？荚� 寫作綜合寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2013-12-16 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：閱讀量：手機(jī)閱讀

導(dǎo)讀

在著手分析綜合考試題目之前，我們先要了解綜合寫作如何評(píng)分，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)绾卧谟邢薜臅r(shí)間里抓住采分點(diǎn)。托福綜合寫作評(píng)卷是以5分為原始分進(jìn)行判卷，然后換算成30分為滿分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。托福官方指南第四版第200頁到第201頁公布了綜合寫作5分到0分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們來逐項(xiàng)分析:

托福寫作分為兩個(gè)部分，第一部分:綜合寫作。第二部分:獨(dú)立寫作。獨(dú)立寫作的模式是學(xué)生們從小較為熟悉的命題作文，而綜合寫作的考試形式和內(nèi)容則是離中國傳統(tǒng)英語考試較遙遠(yuǎn)的。綜合寫作約25分鐘，考生先要用三分鐘時(shí)間閱讀一篇學(xué)術(shù)型文章，然后用兩分鐘聽同話題的一篇聽力，然后就讀到和聽到的內(nèi)容20分鐘寫一篇文章。考試的形式融合了閱讀，聽力以及寫作三個(gè)部分。因此考察學(xué)生的綜合能力，顧名思義叫做綜合寫作。應(yīng)試如果想拿到高分，往往需要兩個(gè)因素:第一，知己（實(shí)力），第二，知彼（對(duì)考試的理解）。

一、5分---滿分

Score	Task Description
5	A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized， and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.

解析：綜合寫作5分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給出了四項(xiàng)要求：第一，要求考生從聽力當(dāng)中找尋到重要信息。第二，要清晰準(zhǔn)確地陳述閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系。綜合寫作閱讀和聽力目前只考察一種關(guān)系：聽力反駁閱讀。第三，文章組織良好。其中文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架可以用句型和模板；文章語言組織難度遠(yuǎn)低于獨(dú)立寫作，因?yàn)榫C合寫作不能摻雜任何個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，要求客觀陳述讀到和聽到的內(nèi)容，因此需要的主要信息均來自閱讀和聽力。第四，滿分是可以允許有偶爾的語言小錯(cuò)誤。很多同學(xué)困惑何為嚴(yán)重的語言錯(cuò)誤，何為小錯(cuò)誤，我們只要通過一個(gè)簡單的判斷：影響語義理解的都可以被看作嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。綜合寫作特別強(qiáng)調(diào)如果有極少量語言錯(cuò)誤依然可以拿到滿分。若追求5分滿分，將聽力內(nèi)容記多記全，聽力聽得越好，拿到滿分的希望越高。

二、4分---高分

Score

Task Description

A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading， but it may have minor omission， inaccuracy， vagueness， or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading。 A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors， as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.

解析：綜合寫作4分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依然先考察學(xué)生是否從聽力中找尋到重要信息，并且考察是否能清晰準(zhǔn)確地陳述閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系，這兩點(diǎn)上和滿分要求一致，那一分扣在哪里了呢？ 4分和5分不同的地方評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用了一個(gè)“but”轉(zhuǎn)折，如果考生寫作中出現(xiàn)陳述聽力內(nèi)容時(shí)出現(xiàn)小的遺漏，不精確，模糊或者不準(zhǔn)確將被扣除1分�；蛘哧愂鲩喿x和聽力關(guān)系有誤，聽力反駁閱讀天然拿分，因此陳述關(guān)系的句型框架要提前準(zhǔn)備。如：The lecturer made the point that……，which differs from the main idea in the reading that……。最后4分也有對(duì)語言錯(cuò)誤的要求�？傮w而言，綜合寫作的評(píng)分對(duì)于語言的要求要低于獨(dú)立寫作。并不對(duì)遣詞造句提出嚴(yán)格的要求，而只是對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的頻率和嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行了界定。若想綜合寫作不失分，謹(jǐn)記聽力筆記，謹(jǐn)防聽力內(nèi)容寫出偏差。

三、3分—中國考生平均分

綜合寫作的分?jǐn)?shù)分布是橄欖形的，中間段最多，滿分和低分都很少。綜合寫作的閱讀難度遠(yuǎn)低于托福閱讀，綜合寫作的聽力難度也不難于托福聽力，但是綜合寫作拿到3分以上卻不簡單。很多考生參加托福考試出了考場(chǎng)感覺綜合寫作很好，大部分都聽懂了，結(jié)果出來分?jǐn)?shù)就不理想。這到底是為什么呢？我們看一下綜合寫作3分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

Score

Task Description

A response at this level contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading， but it is marked by one or more of the following:

1) Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task， it conveys only vague， global， unclear， or somewhat imprecise connection of the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading.

2) The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture.

3) Some key points made in the lecture or the reading， or connections between the two， may be incomplete， inaccurate， or imprecise.

4) Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.

解析：綜合寫作3分依然首先要求從聽力當(dāng)中找尋到重要信息，并闡述聽力和閱讀的關(guān)系是怎樣的。如果你犯了以下一個(gè)或者多個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，就會(huì)被打到3分。其中第二項(xiàng)是中國考生常被扣分的原因：聽力遺失一個(gè)要點(diǎn)將被扣除兩分。綜合寫作聽力一共有幾個(gè)點(diǎn)呢？3個(gè)。注意聽力每段的主要內(nèi)容，并寫作時(shí)不要出現(xiàn)措辭偏差。

四、2分-以下—低分

Score

Task Description

A response at this level contains some relevant information from the lecture， but is marked by significant language difficulties or by significant omission or inaccuracy of important ideas from the lecture or in the connections between the lecture and the reading; a response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:

1) The response significantly misrepresents or completely omits the overall connection between the lecture and reading.

2) The response significantly omits or significantly misrepresents important points made in the lecture.

3) The response contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or meaning at key junctures， or that would likely obscure understanding of key ideas for a reader not already familiar with the reading and the lecture.

Score	Task Description
1	A response at this level is marked by one or more of the following: The response at this level is marked by one or more of the following: l The response provides little or no meaningful or relevant coherent content from the lecture. l The language level of the response is so low that it is difficult to derive meaning.

Score	Task Description
0	A response at this level merely copies sentences from the reading， rejects the topic or is otherwise not connected to the topic， is written in a foreign language， consists of keystroke characters， or is blank.

解析：綜合寫作2分以下主要是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生沒有太聽懂聽力。建議用托福聽力Lecture作為練習(xí)材料，每天三個(gè)小時(shí)以上練習(xí)聽寫。一個(gè)月后再開啟練習(xí)綜合寫作題目。

從綜合寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)再到我們對(duì)各個(gè)采分點(diǎn)的解析，我們得出結(jié)論：贏聽力者，得綜合寫作。

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