教師六招破解雅思大作文開頭難的困境——6分的突破，需要怎樣的開頭

1、熱身問題？

辯論類和分析類雅思大作文開頭段分別寫什么？

怎樣的開頭段才不俗？

開頭段越長越好嗎？

開頭段如何制造亮點？

2、這兩個開頭段，親們怎么看？

題目1：Some exports believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the disadvantages outweigh the disadvantages?

5分開頭段示例：Nowadays, foreign languages are playing increasingly important roles in society and an increasing amount of children have begun to learn foreign languages in their primary schools. However, in the meantime, whether it is beneficial has sparked much debate among the public. Some people argue that it is harmful to learn the foreign languages so early, while others assert that learning foreign languages in primary schools can bring a lot of advantages. In my opinion, I am in favor of the latter view. The reasons are as follows.

題目2：C4-Test4 學生行為問題P101-169

In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour. 

What do you think are the cause of this?

What solutions can you suggest?

5分開頭段示例：In this age of change, with the development of technology, the human society is advancing at an amazing speed on various fronts. Yet at the same time, many problems have arisen, a serious one of which is the issue of poor student behaviour in many countries. This problem may have significant negative influence on society and individuals. In the following essay, I am going to analyse the possible causes of this problem and put forward some solutions.

3、開頭段應該寫多長？

劍橋雅思20篇6分以上范文開頭字數(shù)統(tǒng)計

4、開頭應該寫什么？

背景/矛盾爭議+個人立場？

僅背景/矛盾爭議？

僅個人立場？

4.1 中規(guī)中矩——“背景介紹/矛盾爭議+個人立場”或“引出問題+寫作意圖”

第一句（介紹背景）Nowadays, （it is generally/widely believed that） + 討論對象 are playing （increasingly） important/crucial roles in our lives（教育、工作等）. 或對于壞現(xiàn)象，如pollution或unemployment，可以說In the present age, （it is commonly believed that） the issue/problem of … is increasingly/more and more severe/serious.

第二句（引出矛盾/爭議）But in the meantime, whether+ 爭議的焦點（句子） has sparked much debate. 或But in the meantime, the view that… (有一種觀點的辯論話題) has provoked much controversy. 

第三句（矛盾雙方觀點）While some people believe that+ 一方觀點，many others argue that+ 另一方觀點.

第四句（個人立場） Personally, I agree with / am in favour of the former view/the latter view. 或 I disagree with/ am against this point of view.或I think...because/since...

4.2 單刀直入——直接表達個人立場

       C3-Test2 科技發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)滅絕 P28-P162

When a country develops its technology; the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Overall, I disagree with the opinion expressed. I would like to begin by pointing out that ‘traditional skills and ways of life’ are not automatically of one country, but of a culture or community. 

4.3 埋下伏筆——個人立場在結尾而非開頭

        C7-Test1 天賦vs教育 P66-68

It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.

In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required. 

5、六招破解開頭難

5.1 第一招——背景扣題，矛盾爭議準確轉述

① ...越來越重要

play an increasingly crucial/essential/important/significant/indispensable[？nd？'spens？b(？)l]) role in…

② 越來越多的人/物...

a/an growing/increasing/rising amount/number of…

③ ...變得越來越流行/普遍

sth/doing…is increasingly prevalent/ widespread/popular recently

④ (負面背景)……的問題越來越嚴重

The problem/issue of/that … is becoming increasingly severe/serious/ worrying/ disturbing)...

⑤...徹底改變我們的生活

…has transformed (或completely/significantly changed) our lives

⑥ (科技/經(jīng)濟/社會)以驚人的速度向前發(fā)展…

...is advancing/developing at an amazing speed in present-day society

5.2 第二招——廢話少（字數(shù)恰當），重實質(zhì)（認為、連詞無好壞，框架結構）

要表示“認為”，think/believe能用嗎？

5.3 第三招——靈活替代和指代

5分標準——由于指代和替換不足顯得行文重復

6分標準：有時無法保持一貫清晰或恰當?shù)厥褂弥复?/p>

5.4 第四招——同義轉換

        同義詞替換；

        換詞性；

        換結構（主動賓與主系表互換，主動與被動互換，姐妹句型互換，分詞與從句互換）；

姐妹句型：doing/to do作主語； it+謂語（如is/was+形容詞）+（for sb）to do；

定語從句/分詞作定語

         名詞（人/物）+that/who/which/when/where/why+定語從句（不完整的蘋果）

漢語轉到英語的變化步驟：a.以“的”為中心把定語從句和名詞互換位置；b.把“的”換為that/who/which；c.把定語從句和名詞分別翻譯成英語（注意動詞是主動還是被動）。

1) 關在籠子里的動物；

2) 那些生活在野外的動物；

3) 代表他們國家的運動員；

4) 擁有最健康最強壯的身體的運動員；

5) 那些不自信或不與隊友有效合作的運動員；

        定語從句換分詞的兩步：先把that/which/who去掉，找到動詞根據(jù)主動和被動關系分別使用doing和done的分詞，注意被動情況下用分詞時be動詞要去掉。

5.5 第五招——123456原則

       1個強調(diào)句型；

It is +被強調(diào)部分（主語、賓語、狀語）that/who+句子剩余部分

It is the life experience and education that shape people’s personality and determine how it develops. 

        2個倒裝句（部分倒裝，即使用一般疑問語序）；

絕不：by no means, on no account, in no way/case

On no account/by no means is it a waste of time and money to protect wild animals.

不但...而且...：not only...but also...

Not only should more eco-friendly vehicles and fuels be developed, but also it is crucial to make public transport services more convenient and affordable. 

只有...才...：only when/if/with...，...

Only when/if effective measures are taken by both government and individuals, can we gradually address the obesity problem among the public.

        3個分詞作定語（狀語）；

        4個定語從句；

        5個狀語從句（因為如果當…時雖然以至于）；

        6種句型替換。

5.6 第六招——24K黃金短語

a) 結果(不好的)：end up with..., end up being..., end up doing, 

b) 為了...起見：for the sake of...

c) 通過：by doing

d) 否則：otherwise

e) 如果沒有：without...

f) 無論：no matter where/when/who/how/what

g) 不管...：regardless of...

h) 太...而不能...：too...to...

i) 既不...也不...：neither...nor...

j) 或者...或者...：either...or...

k) 在...方面，就...而言：in terms of...

l) The+比較級...，the+比較級...

m) 高分范文中的其它好詞（切忌整句甚至整段照搬）

6、課后作業(yè)——寫開頭段

6.1 It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

6.2 In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour. 

What do you think are the cause of this?

What solutions can you suggest?

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【專業(yè)資歷】
新通外語英聯(lián)邦考試中心高級教師。西安外國語大學畢業(yè)，英語專業(yè)八級。曾任教于省級重點高中，經(jīng)驗豐富，擅長語法、寫作、閱讀和口語教學。工作中充滿熱情，追求創(chuàng)新；用愛心和責任心嚴格要求自己；從學生角度出發(fā)，因材施教。正直，開朗，富有親和力。是良師，更是益友。
【成功案例】
第一類案例的學生代表：莫同學，吳同學，王同學等。他們幾個的共同點之一是在學校都很貪玩，對英語沒有興趣，因此剛到新通時的英語基礎幾乎為零，部分同學甚至對Hello或How are you之類的問候都目瞪口呆。他們自己也許并不太著急，但他們的父母卻為此一籌莫展。他們的另外一個共同點是都想出國學習，對那里的生活充滿了憧憬。為了提高他們對英語學習的興趣，我先與他們交朋友，并在一定程度上進入他們各自的圈子。通過人人、QQ或微信，我們都保持著密切的聯(lián)系。這樣以來，了解他們內(nèi)心的想法就變得容易多了。隨后，結合不同學生的性格及愛好，我在課堂上除了教授英語知識之外，也會與他們分享英語幽默、英文歌、經(jīng)典英文電影臺詞以及英文迷語和腦筋急轉彎等。當然，這些教學素材的甄選是非�？季康�——既要能夠激發(fā)他們對英語的熱愛，也要能夠讓學生從中學到有用的單詞或句型。漸漸的，他們有了一些進步。我的理念是學生一絲的進步值得老師百倍的鼓勵。不光是我自己表揚，我也會建議他們的父母或朋友給予支持。人都是有自尊心的。實踐證明，這種做法是奏效的，而且百試不爽。第二類案例的學生代表：許同學（女）、沈同學、許同學（男）、李同學等。他們的共同點是英語基礎扎實，學習用功，有沖擊高分的潛質(zhì)。然而，他們所面臨的問題要么是第一次參加考試經(jīng)驗不足，要么是雖考試多次但成績均不理想。針對他們各自的實際問題，我所采取的策略為先集中精力，盡快消除如思路或邏輯方面的誤區(qū)，然后錦上添花，在詞匯或句型方面給他們做一定的補充。這些學員往往接受能力強，自我要求高，因此“快而精、準而狠”是教學工作的核心原則,也就是說要把有限的時間和精力用到最需要的地方。經(jīng)過一針見血的點撥以及招招到位的練習，他們也終于突破瓶頸,取得了6分、6.5分、7分、甚至7.5分的優(yōu)異成績。

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