托福備考：閱讀中的詞匯題解題方法

在托�？荚囍信龅缴�詞，且詞匯題恰好考到這個(gè)生詞該怎么辦？其實(shí)很好解決，因?yàn)槲恼律舷挛氖怯嘘P(guān)系的，我們可以利用上下文的關(guān)系來直接去判定，這樣我們就可以在不認(rèn)識(shí)的情況下把題目做出來了或者認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞但考的是一個(gè)生辟的含義情況下把含義猜出來。首先我們要認(rèn)出詞匯題，這個(gè)相信不難大家都會(huì)判斷，TOEFL的詞匯題考是都是近義詞，題目常見的問法如下：the word (or phrase)  X is closest in meaning to ……，the word (or phrase)  x could be best replaced by 看清題型后尋求解決方法——閱讀上下文，找到關(guān)系�？嫉年P(guān)系如下：

1) 直接反義—該詞前或后出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容提示我們是反義關(guān)系。從中文看邏輯會(huì)看的更清楚，我們先舉個(gè)中文的例子：麗麗是個(gè)___人，相反她是一個(gè)內(nèi)向的人。從后面的內(nèi)向可以推出前面應(yīng)該是個(gè)外向之類的詞。所以我們要關(guān)注的是 rather than instead unlike contrast on the contrary.

For example： The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother's values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity.

問題： the word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __

A) refuses to accept B) lives up to C) tries to understand D) makes the best of

假如repudiates我們不認(rèn)識(shí)，當(dāng)然一定會(huì)有同學(xué)說不用假如，我就是不認(rèn)識(shí)。不認(rèn)識(shí)剛好，我們可以從后面的小詞 instead 這個(gè)詞判定兒子和媽媽的價(jià)值觀念是相反的，由此信息看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有A選項(xiàng)帶有否定的意味。

2) 利用并列關(guān)系去判定：

并列關(guān)系詞如下：and not only ……but also as…as and both … and either… or neither… nor

For example：She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.

問題： The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to

A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had a opinion about

我們可以從前后關(guān)系判定，首先我們看到一個(gè)詞career職業(yè)生涯—care(關(guān)心)+er(人)—關(guān)心這件事情的人，從事這個(gè)職業(yè)。 我們?cè)谶@句中看到關(guān)健詞 and 其后出現(xiàn)soon began告訴我們前后方向是一致的，前面也必然和began有關(guān)，所以本題目的正解是B.

3)解釋關(guān)系：后面的句子或短詞，單詞來解釋前面的詞常見的標(biāo)志詞：contribute to be responsible for account for since therefore for because in which.

舉個(gè)中文例子：麗麗老師昨天扶一下盲人過馬路，所以麗麗是一個(gè)___人，答案一定是個(gè)正態(tài)度，是一個(gè)樂于助人的人，不會(huì)是選一個(gè)損人不利已的人因?yàn)槿思颐と瞬幌脒^馬路，被麗麗老師給硬拉過去了。這種情況是特例，TOEFL中考的都是正常情況。

For example：His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ，which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.

問題： the word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___.

A) rupture B) revelation C) opportunity D) rest

which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告訴我們一定考查的是正態(tài)度，所以答案不可能是A) D)，所以應(yīng)該選 C) Opportunity 是一種有利的狀態(tài)或合適的時(shí)機(jī)。

4)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系判定：看看賓語(yǔ)能否受動(dòng)詞去配，或從動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配去判定。

舉個(gè)中文例子：比如有一個(gè)壞人準(zhǔn)備選了一個(gè)月圓之夜，主樓之巔，自由落體，絕跡人間，走到樓頂，——下去。A)殺 B)侃 C)跳 D)跑。能和下去搭配的詞只有兩個(gè)一個(gè)C)跳 D)跑，從前面的提示可以看出，不可能在樓頂跑下去，除非不跳了，但必須是跑回去。

For example： The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world's pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world's largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.

The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__

A) interacting B) sitting C) blowing D) poisoning

首先從搭配關(guān)系上可以排除 interacting ，interact with 然后可以從上下文關(guān)系排除 blowing over 因?yàn)榇底吡司褪遣粫?huì)有smog.而poison考試中及物才有pollute的含義，不及物只有一種含義表示投毒。

5)形容詞修飾名詞關(guān)系判定—不是每個(gè)形容詞都可以修飾所有的名詞。例如打飯的隊(duì)伍不說很粗而要說很長(zhǎng)，盡管事實(shí)上很多人不排隊(duì)造成了很粗的感覺。

For example：when the gas reaches the air， it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2)，which is a gas with a brownish hue.

The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to

A)color B)odor C)thickness D)smoke

對(duì)于本題你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)小詞brownish 呈褐色的，首先從形容詞修飾名詞關(guān)系可以直接排除B odor C thickness， 其次可以通過 a gas with brownish hue前面的 gas 排除 D smoke，用詞重復(fù)。所以正確答案是A。