雅思寫作常見的十類邏輯錯(cuò)誤以及規(guī)避措施

在雅思寫作考試中，中國考生經(jīng)常犯一些相對而言比較低級的邏輯錯(cuò)誤，這也是為什么中國考生雅思寫作成績不高的原因之一。也有部分考生文章整體的語言和語法都還不錯(cuò)，但是邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不是很嚴(yán)密，因而拿不到高分，那么中國考生常犯的雅思寫作邏輯錯(cuò)誤有哪些呢?

作為普通的“烤鴨”來說，又應(yīng)該如何在有限的備考時(shí)間內(nèi)鍛煉基本思維和邏輯呢?

首先，了解基本邏輯，避免常見錯(cuò)誤。

其次，關(guān)注社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，積累基本常識(shí)。

最后，瀏覽往年考題，多做提綱訓(xùn)練。

了解基本邏輯，避免常見錯(cuò)誤

要了解基本邏輯錯(cuò)誤一定不能錯(cuò)過一篇英文小品文Love Is A Fallacy(作者M(jìn)ax Shulman)，這里僅列舉出十種最常見的邏輯錯(cuò)誤。

1.草率前提 (Dicto Simpliciter)

例如：Women are on average not as strong as men and less able to perform well politically. Therefore, women can't pull their weight in government work.

點(diǎn)評：雖然女性確實(shí)在政界擔(dān)任較少工作，但這不意味著女性群體中所有的人都是這樣。

2.過度概化 (Hasty Generalization)

例如：McDonald's and KFC offer foods with little nutrition, and thus we cannot expect any fast food restaurant to provide us with nutritious foods.

點(diǎn)評：兩個(gè)個(gè)例不足以推出一個(gè)真理。

3.因果顛倒 (Post Hoc)

例如：Most young criminals watch violent movies before they commit their crimes; obviously, violent movies lead to juvenile delinquency.

點(diǎn)評：甲事情發(fā)生在乙事情之前，這并不代表著先發(fā)生的甲事情就是后發(fā)生的乙事情的原因。

4.矛盾前提 (Contradictory Premises)

例如：If God can do everything, can he make a stone so heavy that he can't carry?

點(diǎn)評：前提條件中就有相互矛盾的地方，結(jié)論當(dāng)然是錯(cuò)誤的。

5.感性論證 (Ad Misericordiam)

例如：Think of all the poor, starving African children! How could rich countries be so cruel as not to help them?

點(diǎn)評：抒情是不能當(dāng)作論證的。

6.錯(cuò)誤類比 (False Analogy)

例如：Young children are like flowers---flowers should stay away from terrible weather to grow, so children need to get rid of everything negative.

點(diǎn)評：孩子和花朵的區(qū)別太大。成長的過程也太復(fù)雜。最好不要用這兩者來類比。

7.虛假假設(shè) (Hypothesis Contrary to Fact)

例如：If TV were not invented, today people would never have such wonderful entertainment brought by TV.

點(diǎn)評：因?yàn)殡娨曇呀?jīng)被發(fā)明了，對于過去的否定假設(shè)后所得出的結(jié)論都是邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。

8.無關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)移 (Red Herring)

例如：Many people say we need to exploit the outer space, a point which I believe is wrong, because there are so many poor people on Earth who hardly make ends meet.

點(diǎn)評：有一個(gè)問題沒解決并不代表著另一個(gè)問題不值得解決。

9.從眾錯(cuò)誤 (Bandwagon)

例如：Everyone says it is justified to learn a second language so we must learn one.

點(diǎn)評：人人都說，或者大多數(shù)都說，這并不意味著該觀點(diǎn)正確。

10.滑坡謬誤 (Slippery slope)

例如：If we don't care about the environment, the world will die in 50 years.

點(diǎn)評：從環(huán)境問題到世界滅亡，中間有無數(shù)環(huán)節(jié)未提供論證。

以上就小編總結(jié)的10類常見的雅思寫作邏輯錯(cuò)誤，如果雅思寫作想要獲得高分，那么上面提到的這些雅思寫作邏輯錯(cuò)誤就一定要避免，希望自己身還有這方面問題的考生對號入座，把這些雅思寫作邏輯錯(cuò)誤都一一改正。