【雅思真題詞匯】 劍橋五《Nature or Nurture?》part1

劍橋五—TEST1—2
    Nature or Nurture?

1）tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader ’ in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform
    all walks of life：各行各業(yè)
    instruction：命令，指示
    distaste：不喜歡，厭惡

2）the experiment was in the noble cause of education
    noble：高尚的；高貴的；崇高的
    cause：理由；根據(jù)；動機

3）Milgram's experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches
    set-up：計劃，安排
    panel：控制板，操縱盤
    switch：（電路的）開關(guān)

4）a shock was to be administered beginnin9 at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer
    administer：執(zhí)行 , 實施 ,
    severity：嚴(yán)格 ; 嚴(yán)厲
    successive：連續(xù)的 , 相繼的

5）The supposed 'pupil' was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writhings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter
    spectrum：輻度；范圍
    groan：呻吟 , 抱怨
    scream：尖叫聲
    writhing：扭動或翻滾
    assortment：分等 , 分配 , 類別 , 分類
    expletive：助詞 , 虛字
    denounce：抨擊 , 譴責(zé)

6）As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher
    unfold：展開
    deliberately：故意地，蓄意地

7）teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment
    cry for：哭著要 , 懇求
    mercy：慈悲 , 憐憫
    revulsion：厭惡 ; 憎惡
    psychiatris：t精神病學(xué)家

8）The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter
    overwhelming：壓倒性的 , 無法抵抗的
    consensus：一致的意見；共識
    experimenter：實驗者

9）they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts
    lunatic：精神錯亂的 , 瘋狂的
    fringe：（地方﹑群體或活動的）外圍

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