托福閱讀：修辭目的題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

在托福或者其他的英語(yǔ)考試中，我們總能看到修辭目的題的身影，那么什么是修辭目的題？碰到該類題目又要如何應(yīng)對(duì)？下面小編為大家整理了托福閱讀中修辭目的題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，希望大家在做題時(shí)密切注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)，宏觀考慮，及時(shí)辨認(rèn)題目類型，準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)大致答案。

修辭目的題是我們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀中常見的一道題目。眾所周知，這類題目是尋找所提及的片段在文章當(dāng)中的地位，也就是如何反對(duì)或者支持某一個(gè)主旨。

(一) 類細(xì)節(jié)題目

TPO 27 Crafts in the Ancient near East

Paragraph 4: Objects themselves suggest that they were the work of skilled professionals. In the late Uruk period (3500-3100 B.C.E.), there first appeared a type of object that remained characteristic for Mesopotamia throughout its entire history: the cylinder seal.

This was a small cylinder, usually no more than 3 centimeters high and 2 centimeters in diameter, of shell, bone, faience (a glassy type of stoneware), or various types of stones, on which a scene was carved into the surface.

11. Paragraph 4 suggests which of the following about the significance of Mesopotamian cylinder seals?

They were designed more for home than for legal use

They demonstrate that their creators were professionals

They were the first example of seals made from materials other than stone

They were the first example of carved seals

這個(gè)題乍一看是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題，定位原文，并沒有關(guān)于它很重要的表述，實(shí)質(zhì)上這屬于一個(gè)修辭目的題，問的是例子存在的價(jià)值：支持主旨。這樣我們向前找主旨，主旨在段首，關(guān)鍵詞是were the work of skilled professionals，也就是技術(shù)問題：因此定位答案B.通過這個(gè)題目，我們知道，問例子的重要性的，除非原文有專門表達(dá)，否則就要考慮修辭目的題。

(二)結(jié)構(gòu)類題目變體

以往見到的是：what is the structure of paragraph XX? 或者是 What is the purpose of paragraph XX? 再或者是 How does paragraph XX relate to XX? 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的讀法，我們基本就能確定結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展方向�，F(xiàn)在我們看一個(gè)這樣問的題目：

TPO27 The Formation of Volcanic Islands

Paragraph 3：How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary? The Hawaiian Islands provide a very instructive answer. Like many other island groups, they form a chain. The Hawaiian Islands Chain extends northwest from the island of Hawaii. In the 1840s American geologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii Islands seem to share a similar geologic evolution but are progressively more eroded, and therefore probably older, toward the northwest. Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics, Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior. Wilson suggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply the surface expression of a long-lived volcanic source located beneath the tectonic plate in the mantle. Today’s most northwest island would have been the first to form.

6. In paragraph 3, what is the relationship between the scientific contribution of James Daly and Tuzo Wilson?

Wilson provided an explanation for the observations made by Daly

Wilson challenged the theory proposed by Daly

Wilson found numerous examples of island chains that supported Daly’s theory

Wilson popularized the explanation of volcanic island formation formulated by Daly

乍一看，這是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題，尤其像關(guān)系類細(xì)節(jié)題。但是定位讀完之后，相關(guān)專家JD 的理論是“island 分享同樣板塊并且…因此 更老older…”專家TW說(shuō) this age progression could result ,也就是說(shuō)這個(gè)過程是可以出現(xiàn)的，明顯是支持并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了前邊專家的理論。因此關(guān)系它們的關(guān)系實(shí)質(zhì)是一種支持，是個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)題，正確答案A. 進(jìn)一步解釋。專家W沒有用例子證明，無(wú)例子一類詞匯，排除C;原文沒有說(shuō)理論一有什么weakness之類的缺陷詞匯,排除B。原文也沒有說(shuō)他如何普及之前的學(xué)說(shuō)，排除D。