SAT閱讀主旨題解法簡(jiǎn)析

在SAT閱讀當(dāng)中,主旨題往往出現(xiàn)頻繁，占比不低。這種題型不僅考察學(xué)生的理解能力,還考察歸納能力,錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)又往往具有迷惑性，因此學(xué)生得分率并不高。如何又快又好的答題得分，就是我們今天討論的范圍。
　　主旨題提問句中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)以下單詞，如mainly discuss, main idea, purpose, title, topic。
　　出題方式舉例如下：
　　The passage serves mainly to ____________________________
　　The passage primarily focuses on _________________________
　　The passage is primarily concerned with ____________________
　　The main idea/ point/purpose of the passage is _______
　　The passage as a whole is best described as ___________________
　　The passage as a whole answers which of the following question?
　　所有的SAT閱讀問題，都有兩種方法應(yīng)對(duì)：正向法，反向法。正向法就是選擇之前自己有了答案，然后看看答案有沒有跟自己不謀而合的，有的話就選擇它;反向法就是我們說的排除法，把錯(cuò)誤的舍棄，留下的就是正確答案。那么如何總結(jié)自己的答案，哪些答案應(yīng)該排除，才是我們解決問題的關(guān)鍵。下面，我們用一篇短單篇文章來說明一下。
　　In 1843 Augusta Ada King published an influential set of notes describing Charles Babbage's conception of an "analytical engine" --- the first design for an automatic computer. King's notes, which included her program for computing a series of figures called Bernoulli numbers, established her importance in computer science. However, her fascinating life and lineage (she was the daughter of the flamboyant poet Lord Byron) --- and her role as a female pioneer in her field --- have turned her into an icon. She has inspired biographies, plays, novels, and even a feature film. And whereas many women have helped to advance computer science, only King has had a computer language named after her: Ada.
　　The passage is primarily concerned with
　　A. Explaining Augusta Ada King’s interest in computer science
　　B. Providing a character analysis of Augusta Ada King
　　C. Summarizing how and why Augusta Ada King is celebrated
　　D. Tracing the developing of the modern-day computer
　　E. Encouraging more women to pursue careers in computer science
　　該題是典型的主旨題，如果用正向法，第一種是連接每句的重點(diǎn)詞，合在一起就是文章主旨，重點(diǎn)詞也就是每句主謂賓，文中用紅色標(biāo)出，句子中其他細(xì)節(jié)部分可以略讀。“Ada發(fā)表注解，奠定地位。人生及血統(tǒng)也起到作用，她變得非常有名”，答案C. 總結(jié)Ada如何有名為何有名，跟我們的總結(jié)是一個(gè)意思。第二種稱為3W1H法，代表的是WHO+WHAT+HOW/WHY，文章描寫哪個(gè)對(duì)象，側(cè)重它的哪個(gè)方面，該方面如何體現(xiàn)，文章當(dāng)中分別對(duì)應(yīng)的是：Ada, influential, note/lineage, 再次與C相同。
　　那反向法該排除哪些答案呢：細(xì)節(jié)、未提、極端、相反。答案A. 解釋Ada對(duì)電腦科技的興趣，屬于細(xì)節(jié);B. 分析Ada性格，文章未提及;D. 追蹤現(xiàn)代電腦的發(fā)展，文章未提及;E. 鼓勵(lì)女性投身電腦科技領(lǐng)域，文章未提及。
　　正向法和反向法都表明正確答案是C，建議同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}過程中兩種方法結(jié)合使用，可以更好保證正確率。