資深教師評(píng)雅思寫(xiě)作：老齡化社會(huì)利與弊

In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on society?

這是一道關(guān)于老齡化社會(huì)的常見(jiàn)雅思寫(xiě)作考題，在準(zhǔn)備提綱時(shí)，同學(xué)們可以從“老齡化社會(huì)成因——老齡化社會(huì)危害——解決方法”的結(jié)構(gòu)入手，完成該題。
　　相關(guān)背景準(zhǔn)備：
　　如今人口老齡化(aging population)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)世界范圍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象(worldwide phenomenon)。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家老齡化進(jìn)程長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾十年至100多年，而我國(guó)只用了18年就進(jìn)入了老齡化社會(huì)，而且老齡化的速度還在加快。從根本上講，這種趨勢(shì)是醫(yī)療進(jìn)步(medical progress)、教育水平(educational progress)明顯提高和公共衛(wèi)生事業(yè)(public health programs)成就的直接結(jié)果。
　　然而，這樣的趨勢(shì)卻是充滿危害的。因?yàn)槲覈?guó)未富先老的國(guó)情，加之家庭小型化的結(jié)構(gòu)，養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題(例如pension system)已經(jīng)成為政府和家庭需要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題。此外，人口老齡化也造成勞動(dòng)力缺口(labor shortage)，這對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家更是一大問(wèn)題。
　　各個(gè)國(guó)家都在積極想辦法緩解人口老齡化帶來(lái)的影響，但是諸如提高退休年齡(raise the retirement age)這樣的舉措都獲得各國(guó)人民的一致反對(duì)。中國(guó)的人口學(xué)者分析，未來(lái)20年內(nèi)，政府應(yīng)容忍亞非國(guó)家向中國(guó)大量移民，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái)勞力缺口達(dá)到1億以上，中國(guó)將形成大規(guī)模的移民潮，成為除美國(guó)之外，容納全球性移民最多的國(guó)家。
　　了解了以上背景之后，我們便可以形成如下思路：
　　開(kāi)頭段：人口老齡化已經(jīng)成為世界范圍的趨勢(shì)。其成因主要是醫(yī)療進(jìn)步等方面的成果。其危害大于優(yōu)勢(shì)。
　　主體段1：養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致政府面對(duì)巨大的財(cái)政壓力。
　　主體段2：勞動(dòng)力缺口會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展放緩。
　　結(jié)尾段：各國(guó)應(yīng)合作共同解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

The aging population has been regarded as a worldwide phenomenon. （交代背景）Fundamentally, such trend is an evitable outcome of the improvement of educational level and medical progress and the achievement of public health programs. （分析成因）However, disadvantages brought with such demographic change can never be neglected.（提出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）

First, as life expectancy has risen and will continue to increase, the pension system will pose a far more serious financial burden on governments.（中心論點(diǎn)） Increase in the number of retired people means a higher pressure for those financing their pensions.（進(jìn)一步論證） Such unsustainable situation calls for governments to carry out more effective measures to keep their pension systems afloat. Unfortunately, measures such as raising the retirement age to bring down huge public deficits has proved to be quite unpopular among people.（事例論證）

In addition, with more employers retiring and less workforce available, economy would definitely suffer. （中心論點(diǎn)）The number of job vacancies in China are predicted to reach over one hundred million in twenty years.（事例論證） If there are not enough young adults replenish the labor pool, Chinese government will probably have to rely largely on immigrants from South-eastern countries to guarantee a sufficient labor supply and even abolish one-child policy in response to its ongoing economic crisis.（反證）       

From what is discussed above, different areas of aging research all point to the same conclusion that disadvantages of an aging society far outweighs its advantages.（重申觀點(diǎn)）Therefore, countries should cooperate very closely with each other and establish more platforms for academicians and scientists to research and reverse the ongoing trend.（升華主題）

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