雅思閱讀：劍橋雅思閱讀長難句分析

1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(劍4, General Training Test B section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in her samples and on her body”為定語從句，做The scent的定語，關系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此被省掉;“that this was the one they were looking for”為that引導的同位語從句，做a message的同位語;“they were looking for”為定語從句，做the one的定語，關系詞在定語從句中做for的賓語，因此被省掉。

2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.(劍4, General Training Test B section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how bees communicate”為how引導的賓語從句，做介詞about的賓語。

3. There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句主句“There had been dictionaries”;“the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”為獨立主格結構，其中“compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray”和“published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”均為過去分詞短語作定語，做a little book的定語。

4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“It is highly appropriate that… ”, 其中it為形式主語，真正的主語為that引導的主語從句，即“that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class”;在主語從句中“the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man”為Dr Samuel Johnson的同位語，“as famous in his own time as in ours”為Dr Samuel Johnson的定語。

5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“His approach to the problems was intensely practical”;“that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries”為定語從句，做the problems的定語，關系詞為that。

6. He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句為并列句，“He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments”和“from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”并列，由and連接;“in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”為定語從句，做17 Gough Square的定語，關系詞為which。

7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句主句為“James Boswell described the garret as ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk.”;“his biographer”為James Boswell的同位語;“where Johnson worked”為定語從句，做the garret的定語，關系詞為where; “running down the middle”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，做a long desk的定語;“at which the copying clerks would work standing up”為定語從句，做long desk的定語，關系詞為which。

8. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句主句為“He was also helped by six assistants”;“two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”為定語從句，做six assistants的定語，關系詞為whom;在定語從句中，“whilst the dictionary was still in preparation”為whilst引導的時間狀語從句。

9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.(劍5, Test 1 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“The fact was cause for much English celebration”;“that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”為that引導的同位語從句，做The fact的同位語;括號中部分起到解釋說明的作用。

10. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句主句為“Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' in a situation”;“A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology”為狀語;“in which the subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform”為定語從句，做a situation的定語，關系詞為which, 其中“they were called upon to perform”也為定語從句，做the actions的定語，關系詞在該定語從句中做賓語，因此被省掉。

11. Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that…”;“that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn.”為賓語從句，做動詞told的賓語;“whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability to learn”為whether引導的賓語從句，做test的賓語。

12. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“The teacher-subject was told that…”; “that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”為that引導的賓語從句，做tell的賓語;在該賓語從句中“a shock was to be administered”為主句，而“whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question”為whenever引導的時間裝語從句，在該賓語從句中做時間狀語，“beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，在該賓語從句中做伴隨狀語。

13. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for”; 其中“whatever level of shock was called for”為whatever引導的賓語從句，做administer的賓語;as per為介詞短語，意為依據(jù)，根據(jù);“governing the experimental situation of the moment”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，做the rule的定語。

14. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句主句“the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions”; “As the experiment unfolded”為As引導的時間狀語從句，做該主句的時間狀語;“posed by the teacher”為過去分詞短語作定語，做questions的定語;“bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，做主句的伴隨狀語。

15. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“Milgram calmly explained that…”; “that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”為that引導的賓語從句，做explain的賓語;在該賓語從句中“to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”為不定式做表語。

16. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“Milgram said that …”; “If the subject was still reluctant to proceed”為If引導的條件狀語從句;“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”為that引導的賓語從句，做said的賓語;在該賓語從句“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”中，it為形式主語，“that the procedure be followed through to the end”為that引導的主語從句，是該賓語從句真正的主語。

17. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects”; “What Milgram was trying to discover”為What引導的主語從句;“who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.”為定語從句，做teacher-subjects的定語，關系詞為who。

18. Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population.”; “Prior to carrying out the experiment”為時間狀語，prior to相當于before; “who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.”為定語從句，做an ordinary population的定語，關系詞為who。

19. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句主句為“The overwhelming consensus was that …”; “that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter”為表語從句，做was的表語。

20. The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句為并列句，“The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts'”和“they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”并列，由and連接;其中“that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts'”為that引導的賓語從句，做felt的賓語，而“that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”也為that引導的賓語從句，做anticipated的賓語。

21. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life?(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句主句為“How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between…and…”; “what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study”和“what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life”均為what引導的賓語從句。

22. One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“One's first inclination might be to…”; “to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.”為不定式做表語，做be的表語;在此表語中“that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct”和“that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock”并列，皆為that引導的賓語從句，做argue的賓語;“that was activated by the experiment”為定語從句，做instinct的定語，關系詞為that。

　　23. As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.(劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句的主句為倒裝句“so did the places”; “As audiences grew”為as引導的時間狀語從句;“where films were shown”為定語從句，做places的定語，關系詞為where; “finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語;“which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.”為非限制性定語從句，關系詞為which。

24. It was above all the French, followed by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia.(劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“It was above all the French”; “followed by the Americans.”為過去分詞短語做定語;“who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention”為非限制性定語從句，做French的定語，關系詞為who; “helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語。

25. In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead, though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part.(劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句主句為強調句式“it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead”; “though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part”為though引導的讓步狀語從句。

26. The rest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply.(劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“The rest of the world survived”; “because audiences continued to exist for a product”為because引導的原因狀語從句;“which corresponded to needs ”為定語從句，做product的定語，關系詞為which; “which Hollywood could not supply”為定語從句，做needs的定語，關系詞為which。

27. As well as popular audiences, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world. (劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“there were also increasing audiences for films”, “which were artistically more adventurous”和“which dealt with the issues in the outer world”為并列句，由or連接，都為定語從句做films的定語，關系詞都為which.

28. They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the émigrés who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.(劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句中“They turned their back on the past”為主句;“leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the émigrés”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語;“who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.”為定語從句，做the émigrés的定語，關系詞為who。