雅思寫(xiě)作詞匯量不足時(shí)如何應(yīng)急？

做書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)碰到這種情況：一個(gè)意思往往因一個(gè)單詞不會(huì)而表達(dá)不清；一個(gè)好的句子因一個(gè)單詞想不起來(lái)而不能完成。面對(duì)這種情況，該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢？>>對(duì)雅思寫(xiě)作有疑問(wèn)？點(diǎn)擊咨詢

一、換用籠統(tǒng)詞

詞大體可分為兩類：籠統(tǒng)詞和具體詞�；\統(tǒng)詞的特點(diǎn)在于意義廣泛、搭配性強(qiáng)。雖然它們獨(dú)自不能精確表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作，但在構(gòu)成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫(xiě)作中遇到一些具體詞寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的時(shí)候，用籠統(tǒng)詞取代，能收到異曲同工之妙。常用的籠統(tǒng)詞有 have，take 等。

例：邁克經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極其艱苦的時(shí)代。Mike experienced a terrible hard time．寫(xiě)作時(shí)，若忘記了 experience 可用籠統(tǒng)詞 have 代替，寫(xiě)成 M ike had a terrible hard time．同

樣能收到預(yù)期效果。

再看幾例：Are you married？＝ Do you have a wife ／husband？

Do you understand my meaning？＝Do you take my meaning？

She will subscribe（訂閱）to Chi‐ na Today．＝She will take China To‐ day．

二、換用同義詞、反義詞

遇到未曾學(xué)過(guò)的詞或一時(shí)想不起的詞時(shí)，可采用發(fā)散性思維，發(fā)揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關(guān)的同義詞、反義詞，利用語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、多層次、多角度地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言，使單詞受阻現(xiàn)象得以解決。

例：昨晚李雷做了一場(chǎng)惡夢(mèng)。

Li Lei had a nightmare last night．因 nightmare 使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞 bad dream 易記。上句可換譯為：Li Lei had a bad dream last night．

再如：The food is tasty．＝The food is nice toeat．＝The food is delicious．

We discontinued the work at nine．＝We stopped the work at nine．

This woman is talkative．＝This woman is never quiet．

This car is expensive．＝This car is not cheap．

三、換用迂回表達(dá)

當(dāng)一個(gè)詞或某些信息表達(dá)起來(lái)有困難時(shí)，要充分利用語(yǔ)言本身詞匯豐富、句型多變等特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行迂回表達(dá)。因?yàn)槿魏我环N表達(dá)形式，只要能達(dá)意便可接受。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察劃線部分詞語(yǔ)，看看是如何迂回表達(dá)的。

1.我從未見(jiàn)到過(guò)這樣頑固的人。

I've never seen such a stubborn person．＝I've never seen such a person who never listens to other's advice．

2．如果我們想得到文憑，我們必須首先通過(guò)考試。

If we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams．＝If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams．

3．工廠里的煙囪（chimney）拔地而起。

High chimneys have appeared in the factories．＝The factories are full of high chimneys．＝A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories．

4．他數(shù)學(xué)考試取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)，被大學(xué)錄取了。

He passed the maths exam ／succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student．

5．中午我們吃了野餐。

At noon we had a picnic．＝At noon we had our lunch in the open air.

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