托福除非題以及題目詳解

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在托福閱讀中，細(xì)節(jié)題是一種高頻錯(cuò)題。原因就在于它整體的閱讀要求比較高，如果要保證準(zhǔn)確率，整段看完是最保險(xiǎn)的。通過(guò)大量的練習(xí)，同學(xué)們一開始就要養(yǎng)成去總結(jié)題目的好習(xí)慣，把控陷阱的出題套路。慢慢由被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。

我們還是用托福的相應(yīng)題目來(lái)進(jìn)行講解與訓(xùn)練。

例題：

The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.TPO18(1)

7. According to paragraph 5, each of the following contributed positively to the industrialization of the Netherlands and Scandinavia EXCEPT

○generally liberal trade policies

○huge projects undertaken by the state

○relatively uncorrupt governments

○relatively little social or political disruption

題目問的是： 根據(jù)第5段，下列各點(diǎn)都對(duì)荷蘭和斯堪的那維亞的工業(yè)化作出了積極貢獻(xiàn)除了? 這是一道典型的除非題，在閱讀文章的時(shí)候一定要把控它的否定性邏輯詞，因?yàn)橄駑ithout，little，few, absence of , refuse等都是常用的表示否定的詞匯或者詞組。

我們來(lái)看原文。

前面交代了這些國(guó)家的政治環(huán)境。The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth. The nineteenth century passed relatively peacefully for these countries, with progressive democratization taking place in all of them. 這四個(gè)國(guó)家的政治體制對(duì)工業(yè)化或經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)沒有構(gòu)成重大障礙。對(duì)這些國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，19世紀(jì)相對(duì)和平地過(guò)去了，所有這些國(guó)家都在逐步民主化。所以通過(guò)這句話我們可以排除D選項(xiàng)：幾乎沒有社會(huì)和政治的干擾。They were reasonably well governed, without notable corruption or grandiose state projects, although in all of them the government gave some aid to railways, and in Sweden the state built the main lines.他們管理得相當(dāng)好，沒有引人注目的腐敗或宏偉的國(guó)家項(xiàng)目，盡管在所有這些項(xiàng)目中，政府都為鐵路提供了一些援助，而且在瑞典，國(guó)家修建了主要線路。在這里我們見到了常用的without，也就是國(guó)家沒有大型項(xiàng)目，而B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)由國(guó)家執(zhí)行的大型項(xiàng)目，所以答案直接就是B 。有的同學(xué)說(shuō)其他選項(xiàng)暫時(shí)還沒有讀，會(huì)不會(huì)冒險(xiǎn)。在時(shí)間緊張的情況下，我們只要已經(jīng)看到完全相反的表達(dá)，是可以選的。但就整體文章理解而言，最好都要看完。As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. In Denmark and Sweden agricultural reforms took place gradually from the late eighteenth century through the first half of the nineteenth, resulting in a new class of peasant landowners with a definite market orientation.作為依賴外國(guó)市場(chǎng)的小國(guó)，它們基本上遵循自由貿(mào)易政策，盡管保護(hù)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)在瑞典發(fā)展起來(lái)。丹麥和瑞典的農(nóng)業(yè)改革從18世紀(jì)晚期到19世紀(jì)上半葉逐步展開，產(chǎn)生了具有明確市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的新型農(nóng)民地主階層。

在后面的段落中我們看到了A選項(xiàng)的相關(guān)信息，就是關(guān)于貿(mào)易的部分。

所以大家做題一定要在做完后總結(jié)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

相關(guān)詞匯：

Democratization ：民主化 democratic adj.

Corruption : n. 貪污，腐敗;墮落

Grandiose :adj. 宏偉的;堂皇的;浮夸的;宏大的

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